The baby ATX motherboard technology is obsolete, as of October 2010. It has been replaced by the mini-ATX motherboard, a compact version (about 11.2 inches by 8.2 inches) of the standard ATX motherboard common in most full-sized computers. It is mainly intended for use in mini-PCs. A mini-ATX motherboard typically has the same host of integrated components as a standard motherboard but may offer less space for memory and extra input/output devices. A mini-ATX motherboard is compatible with all standard components and devices.
Chipset
The chipset is what controls data transfer between the various computer components (i.e., processor, RAM, expansion cards) and is a necessary component on all mini-ATX motherboards. The chipset is a crucial component in determining system performance. Some chipsets include integrated graphics and/or audio chips so that an additional graphics or sound card is not necessary.
Socket
All mini-ATX motherboards contain a socket(s) to house the computer's microprocessor(s). The socket usually is a rectangular slot on the motherboard that allows a space to securely mount the processor to the motherboard.
Random Access Memory Connectors
Mini-ATX boards contain one or more RAM connector slots where RAM sticks are to be inserted. RAM stores data for fast access by the central processing unit (CPU) while the computer is running and is a vital component for any computer system.
BIOS and CMOS
The basic input/output system (BIOS) is a program that works to communicate between the operating system (such as Windows 7) and the motherboard. The BIOS is stored on a chip integrated into every mini-ATX motherboard. The complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) saves crucial system information such as time, date, system settings and necessary information about installed hardware. The CMOS is integrated into the motherboard next to a small battery that powers it.
Expansion Slots
Mini-ATX motherboards contain one accelerated graphics port (AGP) slot and four peripheral component interconnect (PCI) slots that accept expansion cards. AGP cards typically are used for graphics accelerator cards. PCI supports many devices, such as sound, Ethernet and hard drive controller cards.
Input/Output Connectors
Input/output connectors are located at the rear of any mini-ATX motherboard. Most motherboards contain multiple connectors, such as serial (for older keyboards and other devices), parallel (for older printers), USB (for newer devices), VGA (for monitors), RJ-45 (for the Ethernet cable) and audio (for headphones, speakers or microphones) ports.
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