An unlocked processor allows users to configure its speed for optimum performance.
Processors are an important part of any computer. They allow computers to perform operations on data from many sources, including on-site storage like hard drives or RAM, removable storage like flash drives and CDs, or network data from the Internet. Once initiated, most programs load their data into RAM, a location which allows the processor quick and easy access. Once loaded into the processor, the data can be read and manipulated and processed to enable the program's operations. Some manufacturers lock their processors, preventing users from tampering with the processor's settings which might create an unstable operating environment. On the other hand, other manufacturers prefer to keep their processors unlocked. With an unlocked processor, a user can change the processor settings to increase the performance of the computer. Since tampering with a processor can lead to hardware failure, users must be aware of the benefits and potential drawbacks.
Overclocking
Unlocked processors allow users to overclock. When processor manufacturers test their processors, they run them at a specific speed. If a particular processor fails at a certain speed, the same tests are run at a slightly lower speed. Processors are rated based on the highest speed at which they remain stable. However, since these tests are so stringent, many processors may operate reliably beyond their rating. Forcing a processor to run at a higher speed than their rating is called overclocking. A 1.2 ghz processor, for example, may be overclocked to run at 1.3 ghz or even 1.4 ghz.
Underclocking
As the name implies, underclocking is the reverse of overclocking. When users underclock their processors, they reduce the speed at which it is running. Although users loose processing power when underclocking, some users may choose to do so to preserve the health of their hardware if their computer continuously overheats.
Bus Speed
The processor's bus speed determines the speed at which data is loaded into the processor. Like the processor speed, bus speeds on an unlocked processor can also be adjusted. Since increasing bus speed affects how the processor interacts with all the other computer components, it usually has a very noticeable effect on computer performance. However, increasing the bus speed means users are spreading the risk of overheating to all affected components.
Risks
When a user runs a processor at a speed higher than it was rated for, they run the risk of overheating their processor ans causing hardware failure. To protect their processors, many users install additional fans and heat sinks into their computers, especially if they intend to overclock. Likewise, when users increase the processor's bus speed, the affected components like the RAM and motherboard share the same risk of overheating. Additional fans and heat sinks will help lessen this risk as well but it may not completely eliminate it.
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