Computers boot up with the help of the BIOS.
A number of different operations work together to allow a computer to function, including the BIOS. When people talk about the BIOS, they are referring to an integral part of Windows-based personal computers. If errors occur on a system, this can often happen because of an outdated BIOS. Understanding what the BIOS is and its functions helps to know how it affects computer operation.
About the BIOS
BIOS stands for Basic Input Output System, and Windows-based computers operate by running the BIOS upon start-up. When a computer is turned on, the BIOS starts up first. It checks the hardware of the computer with a test known as the power-on self test, or POST. If everything in the system checks out properly, the BIOS then loads the operating system into the computer's random access memory. The BIOS may also be known as system firmware. It is responsible for storing system information such as the time, date and system configuration within a chip known as the Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor, or CMOS. Additionally, the BIOS controls data going between the operating system and other aspects of the computer, such as the keyboard, video card and hard disk.
Settings
The BIOS has a number of different settings that can be changed on the BIOS access page. This page can usually be accessed by pressing a specific key, which varies depending upon the computer manufacturer. Common BIOS access keys include F12, F2 and Escape, with some computers requiring a key combination such as pressing and holding Control before pressing F2. Once the BIOS access page comes up, several options are listed, including options to change basic system information, power options and hardware device settings. The BIOS access page also offers the option to password-protect the BIOS as a means for further computer security.
Checking the BIOS
Knowing the BIOS version of a computer helps to identify potential problems. If a computer's BIOS is out of date, that can lead to several different problems. To find out the computer's BIOS version, Microsoft recommends checking the System Information program on the computer. Search "System Information" from the Start menu, then open the program. Click on the System Summary section on left-hand side of the window, which will bring up system information on the right-hand side of the window. Check the line reading "Bios Version/Date" to see the current BIOS version.
BIOS Updates
In most cases, computer BIOS files don't need to be updated unless the system is experiencing trouble. If the system does need a BIOS update, the update procedure varies depending upon the computer manufacturer. Usually, the manufacturer supplies a BIOS update file on their website in a section devoted to driver downloads. Once the BIOS update is downloaded, users can usually upload the file and begin an automatic update procedure. In some cases, the BIOS needs to be flashed from a disc. Improper BIOS updating can lead to the system being locked and unable to boot, so updating should only be done when necessary.
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