Xp Service Center Exe Removal

The XP service center is part of the files and applications associated with the various Windows XP Service Pack installation program. Microsoft developed three service packs for updating the Windows XP operating system.

Uninstall Updates

One method for uninstalling the Windows XP Service Pack involves typing "appwiz.cpl" into the Search box on the Start menu. This will bring up a series of prompts that allows the user to view installed updates and select the appropriate ones to be uninstalled.

System Restore

Another method for uninstalling the Windows XP Service Pack is to access the System Restore menu by typing "rstrui" in the Search box on the Start menu. This will open the Restore System Files and Settings windows. Users can use this menu to choose a Restore Point that is prior to the installation of the XP Service Pack and roll the system back to that point.

Hidden Service Pack Uninstall Folder

When installed on a computer running Windows XP, the XP Service Pack creates a hidden uninstall folder. Users access the hidden uninstall file by opening the Start menu and clicking on "Run." When the Run menu opens, the phrase "c:\windows\$NtServicePackUninstall$\spuninst\spuninst.exe" can be entered to bring up the Service Pack uninstall wizard.

Tags: Service Pack, Windows Service, Windows Service Pack, Start menu, hidden uninstall, menu This, menu This will

Msi Problems With Hdmi

High-definition multimedia interface outputs both digital video and digital audio, making it superior to digital video interface -- the other standardized digital port -- which is unable to output audio signals. Some MSI motherboards come with an HDMI socket embedded into the board itself, while others require an expansion card to use HDMI. While problems with HDMI output on an MSI can occur if the graphics card or chip begins to fail, hardware and software settings can also affect video performance.

System Setup

The basic input/output system is responsible for testing and loading the hardware connected to the MSI motherboard. The complementary metal-oxide semiconductor -- named after the material of which its made -- holds the data the basic input/output system needs to configure the computer hardware at startup. You can change the data stored to the CMOS via the CMOS Setup Utility, accessible from the boot screen. On the Integrated Graphics Configuration screen is the option to change the graphics adapter to integrated mode or peripheral component interconnect express mode. If the MSI has a built-in HDMI socket, confirm "IGD" is selected; otherwise, select "PEG." Since the BIOS varies from model to model, you may find this option on the Advanced or Integrated Peripherals screen instead.

OS Setup

Microsoft Windows detects and communicates with devices using special software called software drivers. Conflicts can occur when installing a dedicated graphics card -- a card that's installed to the PCIe slot and not built into the MSI motherboard -- to a computer before first removing the software for the integrated graphics chip. Problems with the HDMI can also occur if the driver assigned to the associated card is disabled, forcing Windows to use generic video drivers. Before installing a dedicated graphics card with HDMI support to the MSI motherboard, uninstall the existing graphics driver from Device Manager, found in Control Panel. Install the driver for the new card before adding the card itself to the board. If no recent hardware changes to the motherboard were made, check the graphics adapter in Device Manager to see if the driver is disabled.

Hardware Conflict

Hardware conflicts occur when two or more devices attempt to use the same resources. MSI motherboards using 32-bit processors are more likely to experience issues with hardware conflicts than boards that use 64-bit processors. These conflicts occur when a dedicated graphics card is using a resource that another device is using at the same time. PCI and PCIe devices can share certain resources with one another, but problems abound when a PCIe component -- like the HDMI graphics card -- attempts to use the same resources as a non-PCI device. Check the Resources tab for the graphics adapter in Device Manager and confirm that "Use Automatic Settings" is selected. Check the BIOS as well for an option to enable the motherboard to automatically control resources.

Device Failure

While unfortunate, hardware failure can also cause problems with the HDMI socket on an MSI motherboard. Since some graphics cards are just as expensive as the motherboard itself, if either component fails, the replacement costs can be steep. If the MSI motherboard uses HDMI via a dedicated graphics card, confirm that the card is installed to the board correctly and that the appropriate power cables are connected to the card before assuming that the card itself is at fault. If the motherboard uses a built-in HDMI socket, check the area around the graphics chip for burnt, chipped or cracked areas, which indicate hardware damage.

Tags: graphics card, with HDMI, dedicated graphics, dedicated graphics card, HDMI socket, Device Manager, graphics adapter

Replace The Touchpad Of A Dv6000

Your touchpad is central to your laptop's functionality. Namely, the touchpad is a small platform on the laptop's case that functions as a virtual mouse. It translates the movements from your finger into cursor movements on the screen. Whether you drop something on your laptop, or spill liquid on the touchpad, the touchpad device is easy to damage. Replacing a broken touchpad in your HP Pavilion dv6000 requires completely dismantling the laptop.

Instructions

1. Shut down the laptop, unplug the main power cord and close the display panel. Flip the laptop over and rotate it so the front opening edge is facing you. Slide the battery-release latch to the left to disengage the battery pack from its compartment in the upper-left corner of the laptop. Lift the battery pack out of the compartment.

2. Unscrew the two Phillips-head screws from the hard drive compartment cover located in the lower-right corner of the laptop. Lift the cover off of the laptop, grasp the hard drive's pull tab and lift the hard drive out of the laptop.

3. Remove the memory compartment cover and its two retaining screws from the center of the laptop's bottom case. Spread apart the two retention clips on each side of both memory modules inside the compartment. Lift each module upward at a 45-degree angle. Slide each module out of its individual slot.

4. Disconnect the antenna cables from the wireless (WLAN) card located inside the empty memory compartment. Remove the two Phillips-head screws from the card. Tilt the card upward and pull it out of the motherboard socket.

5. Remove the single Phillips-head screw fastening the CD/DVD drive to its compartment in the upper-left corner of the laptop below the battery compartment. Insert a paper clip into the release hole on the face of the drive. Push the clip into the hole until the drive ejects from its compartment. Pull the drive out of the laptop.

6. Remove all remaining Phillips-head screws from the bottom side of the laptop. Flip the laptop over, pull open the display panel and lift the switch cover off of the laptop. This is the plastic piece above the keyboard. Disconnect the ribbon cable from the switch cover's bottom side. Remove the cover from the laptop.

7. Grasp the top edge of the keyboard, tilt it upward at a 45-degree angle and disconnect the keyboard's ribbon cable from the motherboard. Lift the motherboard out of the laptop and set it aside.

8. Remove the two Phillips-head screws from the speaker assembly lining the top edge of the laptop's base. Disconnect the speaker cables from the motherboard and lift the speaker assembly out of the laptop.

9. Disconnect the LCD video cable from its connector in the upper-left corner of the motherboard. Remove the Phillips-head screws from each display hinge and lift the entire LCD panel off of the laptop. Relocate the screen to a padded surface with the screen facing upward.

10. Unscrew the three remaining Phillips screws from the laptop's top cover. Disconnect the three touchpad cables extending from the palm rest to the motherboard. Locate the thin, plastic trim lining the back edge of the top cover. Remove the trim and lift the entire top cover off of the laptop's base.

11. Place the top cover face down on a flat surface. Locate the touchpad device on the bottom side of the top cover. Remove the screws fastening the touchpad to the top cover. Lift the touchpad out of its compartment in the cover and set it aside.

12. Reverse this procedure to install the new touchpad device and put your laptop back together.

Tags: screws from, Phillips-head screws, Phillips-head screws from, bottom side, cable from, compartment cover, corner laptop

Toshiba Satellite L305s5865 Power Supply Repair

Toshiba Satellite L305-S5865 Power Supply Repair

Issues with the power supply are commonly seen in Toshiba Satellite laptops and model L305-S5865 is no exception. The bulk of these problems stem from the power jacks. They typically tend to lose contact between the positive pin and the motherboard. Your laptop should never run on battery power when the power adapter is plugged in correctly. To address this specific issue you will have to disassemble your laptop. It is recommended that you only perform this task if you have a strong working knowledge of laptop repair and if you know use a soldering iron safely.

Instructions

1. Disassemble your laptop. See the link in the "Resources" section below for detailed instructions if you don't already know do this. Remove the plastic supports from inside the base assembly using a knife, leaving the side where the new jack will be mounted completely flat.

2. Remove the plastic wall that goes around the outside of the mounting hole, using the knife. Open the hole outward by cutting it with the knife to expand it until the new jack can fit through.

3. Bend one end of the negative lead on the jack up toward the remaining end to shorten it so that you can reinstall the laptop cover back on the base without hitting the speaker box. Apply solder to cover both ends of the negative lead.

4. Pull the old power jack out and use the knife to trim the wires that come out of the jack close to the jack box. Strip the wire with the knife then twist the wires together with your fingers, apply solder where they join. Connect the positive green or red wire into the positive lead in the middle of the new jack. Connect the negative black wire into the negative lead that you shortened in the previous step.

5. Insert the new power jack in the base and solder the wires to the appropriate leads on the jack. Allot enough room to fit the cover and right speaker into place later. Cover the negative and positive leads with electrical tape.Tighten and secure the nut on the power jack by twisting it clockwise with your fingers as far you can go.

6. Determine which plastic reinforcement walls are going to be in the way of the power jack once the cover is in place. Remove the applicable walls with the knife to prevent the creation of a gap between the cover and the base. Assemble your laptop by reversing the dis-assembly instructions found in the "Resources" section below.

Tags: power jack, negative lead, Toshiba Satellite, with knife, your laptop, Power Supply Repair, Remove plastic

The Best Motherboards For An Htpc

Clean and sleek home-theater PC.

You can choose a motherboard for a home-theater computer several ways. Some general guidelines will help with selecting a custom motherboard. However, it is also helpful to have some specific components in mind while shopping. Additionally, there are some benefits to using Linux as the operating system for your home theater, which will require the selection of a motherboard that may be more compatible with Linux.

General Guidelines

A shiny new motherboard.

The most crucial components for any home theater are the video and sound options. Most motherboards provide more than adequate on-board options for these components, which makes them the top priority when selecting your hardware. Ideally, your new home-theater motherboard should have an HDMI connection, which will send high-definition video and quality sound to your television or projector. Additionally, it is helpful to include an optical output in order to connect your computer to a stereo receiver or high-end surround-sound system. Some other things to consider when selecting your new motherboard are the design of the case you will be using, future upgrades and networking options such as Wake-on-LAN.

Specific Motherboards

An unobstrusive home-theater system.

One option that many home-theater-computer users like is having the smallest computer possible. For this purpose, the Zotac GF9300-D-E is a great mini-ITX option. This motherboard has a Geforce 9300 GPU with HDMI, integrated WiFi, six USB ports and one eSATA connection. This motherboard packs all of the most common features needed by a home-theater computer into a tiny 7-inch-by-7-inch package. Its compact size allows the motherboard to be placed into a very small case, which more easily blends into living room decor than a standard ATX case.

Linux Home Theater

Choosing to use Linux as the operating system for your home theater can provide many benefits, such as the ease of future software upgrades, the integration of virtual gaming consoles and the ability to easily set up software RAID for vast amounts of storage. However, Linux can be a little finicky when it comes to video chipsets. For this reason it is best to stick with the NVIDIA Geforce 8000 and 9000 model series chipsets, which have the best support for Linux. This is because NVIDIA provides better drivers that support hardware-assisted video playback for Linux systems.

Tags: home theater, home-theater computer, Linux operating, Linux operating system, operating system

Upgrade A Pentium P4

The Intel Pentium 4 comes in a variety of processor speeds from 1.3 gHZ to 3.8 gHZ. This single-core processor can be upgraded to any of its faster processor speeds, because all Pentium 4 processors share the same processor socket. A Pentium 4 processor upgrade takes approximately 30 minutes if you have never worked inside your computer.

Instructions

1. Shut your computer completely down. Take the power cable out of the back of your computer. Unscrew the side panel or slide open your computer case to gain access to the inside of the computer.

2. Unplug your heatsink's fan from the motherboard.

3. Slide a flathead screwdriver between the corner of the heatsink and the CPU socket retention mechanism. Turn the screwdriver toward you to unlatch the clip. Repeat this process on each corner of the heatsink assembly. Remove the heatsink assembly from the computer.

4. Push the retaining lever on the side of the socket away from the socket. Pull the lever toward you. Remove the current CPU from the socket. Place the new socket in, aligning the pinless sides with the matching areas in the socket. Return the lever to its original position.

5. Spread thermal paste on top of the CPU. Place the heatsink assembly on top of the CPU, lining the corners of the heatsink with the latching slots on each corner of the CPU socket. Plug the heatsink fan into the motherboard. Close the case and plug the computer into power.

Tags: your computer, heatsink assembly, corner heatsink, each corner, from socket, processor speeds

What Is Socket 775

Socket 775 is a central processing unit socket that semiconductor manufacturer Intel Corp. introduced in 2004 for motherboards supporting four of its processor brands, in particular its then-premier Pentium 4 chip. It is better known as LGA 775, with the prefix denoting the form-factor and interface standard that it uses. Another alternate term that Socket 775 uses is Socket T.

Purpose

Like other CPU sockets, Socket 775 is meant to offer the processor electrical and physical support. The electrical support entails connection with the motherboard of a personal computer for data transfer. The physical support concerns holding the processor in place on the motherboard. This is done to prevent possible damage to the CPU -- either during insertion or removal. Socket 775 is named after its 775 pins, which serve as the contacts upon which the CPU is fitted.

Manufacture

The LGA acronym is often used for Socket 775 to denote the form factor standard it uses, which is Land Grid Array. It means that it has the pins on the socket rather than on the processor; many CPU sockets have holes instead, with the pins on the CPU enabling users to connect it with the socket. The LGA variant that Socket 775 uses is flip-chip, which means that the CPU is flipped around to expose the back of its die. Since this is the hottest part of the processor, the FCLGA format allows users to introduce a heat sink for cooling purposes.

Processors

Intel primarily released Socket 775 for the Pentium 4, which was then its flagship brand, as well as its high-performance but less energy-efficient Pentium D and Pentium Extreme Edition variants. However, when the company introduced Core 2 -- the second iteration of a brand that would eventually relegate Pentium to mid-range status -- it extended Socket 775 compatibility to some of its other chips. Other compatible chips come from the budget-oriented Celeron and the server- and workstation-oriented Xeon. The Socket 775-compatible CPUs combine for a processing range of around 1.6GHz to 3.73GHz.

Succession

In 2008, Intel introduced LGA 1366. Also known as Socket B, it was designed for part of the next production cycle of the Intel Core series, specifically the high-end 900 series of the eventual high-end Core i7. It was also used for some Xeon chips. LGA 1156, or Socket H, followed in 2009, with more expansive Core i-series compatibility; it includes the low-end i3 and mid-range i5. It also accommodates entries from Pentium, Celeron and Xeon. With the presence of LGA 1366 and LGA 1156, Intel effectively ended its reliance on Socket 775.

Tags: means that, physical support, Socket uses, that Socket, that Socket uses

Upgrade An Intel Pentium 4 520

The Pentium 4 520 is a 2.8ghz processor that is reasonable quick, but pales in comparison to today's standard. Upgrading this chip can be accomplished by replacing it with another socket 775 CPU. This is necessary as the computer processor on a motherboard is only designed to accept a single socket type. Thus, your upgraded chip must also utilize the socket 775 standard.

Instructions

1. Turn off the computer and unplug it from the wall.

2. Remove the two screws on the right-rear of the case and slide off the case panel.

3. Unhinge the two metal handles on either side of the processor heatsink and lift the heatsink off of the processor.

4. Release the small metal handle at the top of the processor slot and pull out the old Pentium 4 520 chip.

5. Insert in the new chip and lock it into position by moving the metal handle back into position.

6. Follow the directions that came with your upgraded processor to install the heatsink.

7. Connect the heatsink fan cable to the fan port on the motherboard.

Tags: into position, metal handle, your upgraded

Turn Down A Cpu Fan When The Hp Laptop Fan Is Too Loud

Turn Down a CPU Fan When the HP Laptop Fan is Too Loud

The Central Processing Unit (CPU) fan on a HP laptop is used to stop the hard drive overheating when in use. This is good because it means you get more processing power in your HP laptop. Unfortunately, the noise of the HP CPU fans can sometimes make this seem a Pyrrhic victory. To turn down the noise of your CPU fan, you must set your HP laptop to "Maximum Power Savings" mode in the Basic Input/Output System (BIOS).

Instructions

1. Turn your HP laptop on. Press the "Escape" key when the HP logo appears on the screen. This will activate BIOS.

2. Use the cursor keys to move up and down the HP BIOS menu. Open the "Power" menu by pressing "Enter."

3. Select "Maximum Power Savings" from the options. This conserves the greatest amount of system power, meaning your laptop will have less cause to overheat, thus the CPU fan will not be activated.

Tags: your laptop, Down When, Down When Laptop, Laptop Loud, Maximum Power, Maximum Power Savings, Power Savings

Will A Pci Ide Controller Card Work In Dos

A PCI IDE controller card is a handy thing to have installed if your newer computer only supports Serial ATA storage drives. It allows you to hook up and use older, IDE and EIDE devices with ease. However, controller cards that aren't part of your motherboard's integrated controller may not work as easily in DOS. Keep reading for some tips on make it work.

The DOS Prompt

Using Windows, there are a few ways to access MS-DOS. If you use Windows XP, the only way to access it is by using the "Command Prompt" program, located under "Accessories" in the Start Menu. It is not a true DOS, but an emulated version. Therefore, any drive that is working in Windows should work in this emulated environment.

If you use Windows 95 or 98, however, the situation is slightly more complicated. Since these operating systems still use MS-DOS as their core, the DOS command prompt can be accessed by exiting Windows and choosing to exit to the command prompt, or by restarting your system and pressing "F8" while it's booting. You'll have the option of running Windows in Safe Mode or booting to a command prompt. Upon exiting Windows, the CD, DVD, and sound drivers are sometimes installed, but IDE controllers are not usually included.

Emulated vs Non-Emulated

It is important to recognize the difference between emulated and non-emulated DOS prompts. In an emulated environment, Windows runs in the background and most common sound, video and controller drivers are available for use. In an non-emulated DOS environment, Windows is not running and no devices will work properly unless you get specific, DOS-compatible drivers for your drives and controller cards.

Controller Card Drivers

Depending on the brand and age of your IDE controller card, it may or may not have been supplied with DOS drivers. If you're running non-emulated DOS, the best way to see if your controller's driver is installed is to type the letter of the drive name, followed by a colon. (For example, type E: and press enter.) If you get an error message, insert a disk (either CD or 3.5-inch floppy) and install them manually. If your controller card didn't come with DOS-specific drivers, visit the manufacturer's website and see if they're available for download.

Tags: command prompt, environment Windows, your controller, controller card, controller cards, emulated environment, emulated environment Windows

What Is The Easiest Way To Obtain The Latest Software To Upgrade Bios

The computer BIOS, or Basic Input Output System, is a program that controls the communication and initialization of all computer hardware. You can update this program from time to time to correct errors and allow for greater hardware compatibility. This update procedure requires the proper BIOS revision files in order to complete successfully.

Instructions

1. Navigate to the motherboard manufacturer's Web page. The URL for this page is included in your motherboard manufacturer's documentation.

2. Enter the motherboard model number into the "Search" field located on the top of the manufacturers homepage. This search field is located in the upper right corner of virtually all hardware manufacturer websites to allows for easy product location.

3. Select the product form the list of search results.

4. Click the "Downloads" section on the product's item page. This may be labeled as "Support" on some manufacturer's websites.

5. Select "BIOS" from the available downloads. This brings you to a list of BIOS revisions available for download.

Tags: field located, manufacturer websites, motherboard manufacturer

What Is The Difference Between Celeron Pentium D And Dual Core Processors

What Is the Difference Between Celeron Pentium D and Dual Core Processors?

The Intel Corporation has been an industry leader in the field of microprocessor design and production since the late 1970s. From its modest beginnings with the 8080 processor to the current 2009 Core i7 Quad core processors, Intel has firmly set the standard for microprocessors. Processor families such as the Celeron, Pentium D and dual core (often referred to as Core 2) have made a long-lasting impression, both in terms of affordability and processing power. Because of their diversity and array of applications, it is important that users understand the differences between these families of processors.

Function

The Pentium D and dual-core processors are multicore processors which, along with the Celeron, helped pave the way for 64-bit computing. These three processors are designed for general multipurpose computing, and all three were targeted towards the home consumer computing market. With their 64 bit instruction sets and support for technologies such as MMX and SSE, these processors function markedly better than their predecessors in the fields of multimedia execution.

Time Frame

The earliest release of these three families was the initial Celeron processor in 1998. The Pentium D and Core 2 processors were released in 2005 and 2006, respectively. The Pentium D is no longer manufactured by Intel as its successor, the dual-core processor, has taken its market share. However, the Celeron still sees sales and architecture improvements, as it is based on a different core design and engineering process. The dual-core processor has been succeeded in 2008 by the Intel Core i7 Quad core processor. However, the dual core still enjoys a respectable market share and is still in production.

Intel Celeron

The Intel Celeron was initially released in April of 1998. This processor utilized a significantly different core architecture and was introduced to the market as a budget processor to compete alongside the Pentium family. Initially, the Celeron processor was released with 32-bit architecture. However, with the release of the Celeron D revision, it has seen 64-bit instruction extensions and even a foray into the dual-core fabrication in certain mobile computing solutions. The success of the Celeron processor was so large, in fact, that it has outlasted the Pentium, its one-time running mate, in the markets as it provided significant processing power at an impressively low price.

Pentium D

The Pentium D processor was released on May 25, 2005. This was Intel's first multicore processor to be released to the consumer market. It is noteworthy to point out that even though the Pentium D was a dual-core processor by name, it was not seen so by design. While the Pentium D did have two cores, they were not connected in any way outside of an external L2 cache. The Pentium D supported the NetBurst architecture and 64-bit computing instructions.

Dual Core

Intel's first true dual-core processor offering was the Core 2 Duo line of processor architectures, so named to signify that the cores did in fact work as a duo with internal hardware connecting the physical cores. The Core 2 Duo was released in 2006 and still enjoys an impressive market share as of 2009. Eventually, Intel released a quad core version of the Core 2 processor offerings, but elected to keep the Core 2 naming scheme due to the similar architectural fabrication processes. The dual core itself has been succeeded by Intel's Core i7 processor family that was released in the fourth quarter of 2008. Though these new processors show significant performance improvements over the Core 2 design, the Core 2 is still manufactured and will take the Celeron's place as a budget performer as prices continue to drop in favor of the Core i7.

Tags: dual-core processor, Celeron Pentium, Celeron processor, dual core, market share

What Is Power Save Mode

Power save mode uses a battery efficiently to conserve a computer's energy.

Laptops have introduced convenience and mobility into the world of computing, but these ultra-modern devices are easily put out of action by a dying battery. Power save mode was designed to offer computer users the option of enabling low-power settings that conserve energy and extend battery life.

Description

Power save mode consists of a group of settings that can be used to reduce the amount of energy consumed by a computer's display and hard drive. These power options are especially useful when a laptop is unplugged, and they're included with the major operating systems, Windows OS and Mac OS.

Display Settings

In power save mode, the computer can automatically dim the backlight in the screen or shut off the display entirely after a specified time, reducing the energy required to power the machine.

Hard Drive Settings

Depending on the operating system version, a computer can be programmed to automatically shut down or to enter hibernate, sleep or standby mode. In hibernation, sleep or standby modes, the computer remains on but switches to a low-power setting. These conservation modes are set to go into effect when the computer is idle or when you close a laptop.

Considerations

Energy Star, a program of the Environmental Protection Agency, estimates that activating the recommended power management settings could result in as much as $352 in energy savings for the average computer user over a four-year period.

Tags: Power save, save mode, Power save mode, settings that, sleep standby

Will Not Recognize New Usb Hard Drive

Troubleshoot problems with an unrecognized USB hard drive.

A USB hard drive is a portable external storage device that works just like a conventional hard drive. The device is simply plugged into a USB port on your computer as you would connect a flash drive. Unlike a flash drive, however, a USB hard drive can store a much larger amount of data. If your computer will not recognize your USB hard drive, you can try troubleshooting steps to resolve the problem.

Instructions

1. Plug one end of the USB cable into the port on your hard drive and plug the other end into the USB port of your computer. Ensure that both ends of the cable are connected securely.

2. Open "My Computer" (Windows XP) or "Computer" (Windows Vista/7). The USB device should be listed as "removable disk" once it is plugged into the computer. If it is not listed among the available drives on your computer, proceed to the next step.

3. Ensure that the data cable is working properly. Try another USB cable if you have one available. Disconnect all other USB devices from the computer as they may interfere with the operating system detecting the external hard drive. Reboot the computer if the USB hard drive is still not recognized.

4. Plug the USB cable into another USB port and check to see if the device is detected. If you are using a USB hub, remove the device and plug the external hard drive directly into a USB port. If the computer still fails to recognize the device, the external hard drive itself may be experiencing a hardware problem.

5. Check the status of the hard drive in the "Device Manager" window. Under Windows XP, right click "My Computer" and select "Device Manager." For Windows Vista and Windows 7, click the "Windows" button in the lower left corner of the screen, then type "Computer Management" in the search bar and press "Enter." Select "Device Manager" in the "Computer Management" window. In the Device Manager window, click the "+" sign that appears beside "Disk Drives." If the external drive is not listed, click "Other Devices" in the Device Manager window and see if an "Unknown Device" appears. The external hard drive may have been detected but the device is not working properly. If it is still under warranty, take the device to the computer store where it was purchased to have it repaired or replaced.

Tags: hard drive, Device Manager, external hard, external hard drive, into port

Optiplex 330 Motherboard Specifications

Dell's OptiPlex series computers populate offices across the world. Dell produces the business desktops in full-tower and slim-tower or "small form factor" versions. The OptiPlex 330, released in 2008, uses a BTX motherboard specially fitted to OptiPlex cases. The developers configured the hardware on this motherboard specifically for use with Windows Vista.

Processor Socket

Dell's OptiPlex computers use Intel processors. The socket type on this motherboard, Land-Grid Array (LGA) 775, supports Celeron, Pentium and up to Core 2 Duo lines of processors. Speeds of either 800 megahertz (MHz) or 1066 MHz are supported. A maximum of 6 megabytes (MB) of Level 2 cache is supported.

Memory Support

Two memory bays on the motherboard are inside an OptiPlex 330. The computers shipped with Double Data Rate 2 (DDR2) type memory in speeds of either 667 MHz or 800 MHz. The 330 supports up to 4 gigabytes (GB) of memory when running a 64-bit operating system. Only up to 3 GB are used on 32-bit versions of Windows. Each memory bay can take up to 2 GB. The minimum amount of memory shipped with this model was 512 MB.

Drive Support

The motherboard in this model supports up to four Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA) drives and up to two 40-pin Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) drives on one IDE cable. The small form factor version supports up to two SATA drives instead of four. Dell built the 330 with an IDE optical drive and a SATA hard drive. To use both drive types, employ a power supply that also supports SATA and IDE. One floppy drive also is supported.

Graphics

On-board graphics are provided by Intel's G31 chipset. This model chipset includes the Graphics Media Accelerator 3100 with 3D enhancements and support for ActiveX 9.0c. This chipset was designed specifically to handle Windows Vista's Aero interface. Alternatively, you can install a graphics card in the 16x speed PCI expansion slot.

Ports

Legacy ports on the OptiPlex 330 motherboard include the parallel port for old printers and a serial port. Most home users do not need these ports. However some businesses use devices that require them. Other ports include the VGA monitor port, an RJ-45 Ethernet jack for connecting to a wired network, two PS/2 connectors for older keyboards and mice and a total of six USB ports. Two USB ports are on the front. The system includes a pair of line-in and line-out audio jacks on this board as well.

Tags: Dell OptiPlex, form factor, OptiPlex computers, SATA drives, shipped with, small form, small form factor

Types Of Hard Drive Connections

There are two categories of hard drive connections. The first type are power connections which supply device specific voltages to power the hard drive, both electronically and mechanically. The second type are data connections, which serve to connect the hard drive to the motherboard's chipset through a data bus. There are also hard drive planes which combine both for various reasons.

Molex Connectors

The established power connector for PATA, Parallel ATA or EIDE, and some budget SCSI, Small Computer System Interface, drives is the Molex connector. This connector was first pioneered by the Molex corporation, and remained the standard for device power connectors until the advent of the SATA specification. These connectors provide two voltage rails, 12 Volt and 5 Volt, and two ground rails. These connectors are keyed to prevent improper insertion, and are virtually always a translucent white color.

Parallel ATA Data Connector

PATA drives use a flat ribbon style connector to interface between the computer's motherboard and physical disk. This ribbon contains 80 wires, as of the current 2009 specification revision, which support up to two devices per cable. This interface is also used widely with most non-SATA optical drives. The PATA ribbon cables are usually grey with one blue connector for the motherboard interface, one grey connector that provides secondary device connections, and one black connector for primary device connection. The ribbons may be up to 18 inches in length.

SATA Power Connector

The SATA, Serial ATA, power connector, is the successor to the Molex power connector ever since its release in 2003. The SATA power cable is a 15 pin connector that is built on a slim wafer design to prevent improper installation. The SATA power connector does not, unlike the Molex connector, rely on friction to stay securely attached. Rather, it has a quick release push lever to hold it in place and facilitate quick release. This was seen by the market as a welcome improvement, as Molex connectors were often difficult to remove from their sockets.

SATA Data Connector

The SATA data connector is also a wafer connector which calls for seven connective wires, three for ground and four for data. Unlike Molex connectors, the SATA cables can only support one device per channel. However, these cables are much smaller in size and cylindrical in shape. These connectors are also keyed for device damage prevention, and can be in lengths of up to 3.3 feet. These connectors also have a push button lock-in holding system. The most common colors for these cables are red cords with black connectors.

Plane Connectors

Plane connectors are solid state connectors which combine the power and data interfaces into one physical connector. This can be advantageous in an area with tight space, as it allows for cables to be more easily directed away from hot components. The most common applications for plane connectors is within enterprise server chassis and laptop computers. Both of these computing solutions have very little free space available, and require hard drive maintenance to be as streamlined as possible. Plane connectors require that a drive merely be pushed against it in the correct orientation to be operational.

Tags: hard drive, These connectors, connections which, Connector SATA, connector that

Load & Stress Testing Tools

Load and Stress Testing Tools Determine a Server's Capability.

Load and stress test tools for computers refer to immensely complex software designed to determine the actual computer power of a particular operating system. These tools create sophisticated programs that are run in the operating system to simulate various conditions that note how much stress that system can withstand without breaking down. The simulated programs are geared toward powerful servers, which are used by large corporations and usually not for ordinary home computers.

Dotcom-Monitor®

This software tests a system's ability to handle "hits" to a website. Using sources placed throughout the world, "hits" are made on various products on a website to determine the maximum load it can handle. This type of application would be useful to a large firm such as Amazon to determine how many orders it would require to cause stress to its system. The two ways of measuring this would be by time and cycle. The time-centered test determines how the system is affected by increasing numbers of "hits." The cycle method determines how the number of steps the customer goes through to complete a process affects the reaction time of the system.

Dotcom-Monitor®

1001 Twelve Oaks Center Drive, Suite 1022

Wayzata, MN 55391

1-888-479-0741

dotcom-monitor.com

Proxy Sniffer

This load and stress testing tool is geared more for use by the moderate-level system, such as those used by branch offices of a bank. It also runs programs in which simulated users are placed on the system to demonstrate how many users the system can handle and to predict the types of malfunctions that would occur if there is too much stress. The applications being tested for are those more commonly seen in smaller corporations with less complex applications.

Prozy Sniffer

Muhlemattstrasse 61

Bern, Switzerland

(0)991 25031-73

proxy-sniffer.com

LoadTracer

This stress and load tester performs the same general tasks as the others, creating simulated users who perform various tasks on the system to determine its breaking point. But LoadTracer is different in that it is more user friendly and designed for systems that have a relatively lower load requirement. The primary features are targeted for testing and evaluation rather than providing a detailed examination of all aspects of the server. This stress and load testing tool is designed for servers that are geared toward specific functions critical to the operation of the system as a whole.

LoadTracer

7702-B Roosevelt Ave,

Jackson Heights, NY 11372

212 202 0791

loadtracer.com

Tags: geared toward, much stress, operating system, simulated users, stress load

What You Need To Build Your Own Pc

Generally, the more RAM, the better.

To build a PC, first put together a detailed list of components. Keep in mind that parts like the processor and motherboard must be compatible. You will find many choices when it comes to features and price. If money is not a concern, aim for the latest hardware. If you're on a budget, hardware that's of recent vintage, but not the newest version, costs much less yet still serves you well.

Case and Power Supply

A sturdy, roomy PC tower can be had for much less than $100. Cases with features such as colorful displays and transparent side panels are favorites among gamers and cost more. Common case types are the ATX mid-tower, ATX full tower, microATX and mini-tower. In choosing a case, consider the size of your motherboard and how much room you have for your PC, as well as the number of drive bays available. Choose a power supply from a major manufacturer, and check its dimensions to ensure it will fit in your case. It should be at least 500 watts, more if you are planning on installing a high-end graphics card. Often, selecting a case/power supply combo can lead to savings.

Motherboard and Processor

The motherboard plays a central role in determining the capabilities of your new system. Choose an Intel-based motherboard for Intel processors and an AMD-based model for AMD processors. Typically, the motherboard includes many essential features, such as a capable sound card, a network card, four or more USB 2.0 jacks, and on the latest models, some USB 3.0 jacks. Some motherboards include on-board graphics. The form factor, or size, of your motherboard must match the PC case. The most common form factors are ATX and the smaller microATX. Consider the number and type of expansion slots available on the motherboard. Select a multicore Intel or AMD processor. Many models and price points are available, some with up to six processing cores, as of 2011. Be certain that the socket type of the processor matches the socket type of the motherboard.

RAM, Hard Drive and Operating System

Select a sufficient amount of RAM, or random access memory, for your system. For most purposes, 4GB is enough, but 8GB is a good choice for demanding tasks. Be certain to choose a 64-bit operating system if you wish to install lots of RAM, since 32-bit systems cannot utilize much more than 3GB. If you have a Windows XP or Vista installation disc and product key, you may wish to use them to save money, but Windows 7 is a better choice to maximize your new system. Select a SATA hard drive of at least 500GB. If you will be storing significant amounts of video, choose a larger hard drive. Consider adding an external hard drive to back up your data.

Monitor, Keyboard, Mouse and Speakers

Monitor size is a matter of personal preference, but generally, a 20-inch or larger LCD is a good choice. When selecting a mouse and keyboard, consider whether you prefer wired or wireless models. Some monitors include speakers, but for the best sound, consider 5.1 or 7.1 surround-sound speakers.

Optical Drive and Optional Components

One of the least expensive components is a DVD drive that can read and write DVDs and CDs. Some movie enthusiasts prefer to add a drive that can read Blu-ray discs. For the best graphics, select an add-on video card. These can cost from $50 to $500, depending on specifications and capabilities.

Tags: hard drive, your system, drive that, drive that read, features such, good choice

When Is It Time To Put A New Battery In Your Cpu

Computer batteries give the motherboard enouth power to store settings in flash memory.

A battery is on the motherboard of all desktop computers that give off power even when the computer is off. The battery provides power to the CMOS, complementary metal-oxide semiconductor. The CMOS technology is important because it runs RAM chips, flash memory chips and other type of memory chips in a computer. Batteries in a CPU should last up to five years, if brand new when installed. When a battery fails, it can have disastrous effects on the computer.

Function

The CPU batter lets the basic internal memory keep track of the calendar date and current time. The battery is the reason why a computer that has been unplugged for an extended period of time knows the current date and time when it is plugged back into the wall outlet. The battery also powers the flash memory in the computer, which contains the startup information. Without power, the computer loses these settings and suffers errors on booting up.

Symptoms

Some computers tell the user that the CMOS battery is low or failing. Watch for CMOS Read Error, CMOS Checksum Error or CMOS Battery Failure messages displayed when starting up the computer. Not all computers have the programming to tell you that the battery is running out. It is common to notice that the date and time is wrong on a computer when the battery is dying. Reset the date and time, but if it keeps occurring, then be prepared to replace the battery. Other symptoms include the computer forgetting which drive to boot up first and unexpected shutdowns that occur for no obvious reason.

Description

The battery on the motherboard of the computer looks like an oversized watch battery. It is a shiny silver circle in a bracket or clip attached directly on the motherboard. The model or part number is usually written on the top of the battery. Most of these batteries are sold in department stores with an electronics section, camera shops and computer parts stores. Most of the battery types are inexpensive, but occasionally a desktop or laptop brand will have a custom-made battery, which costs more than a common battery. Write down the part numbers or take the battery with you to the store to ensure that you purchase the proper battery.

Changing the Battery

Write the CMOS settings from the startup menu is you think your battery is dying. Once the battery dies or you remove the battery, the CMOS settings are lost. The computer will start up using the default settings, which work for most computers unless you have changed them. Turn your computer off, remove the outer cover and locate your battery. Remove the old battery from the clip and replace it with the new battery. Replace your cover and turn on the computer. Enter the computer setup and reenter your computer setting value if needed.

Tags: date time, flash memory, battery dying, battery motherboard, CMOS settings, Error CMOS

Parts Of The Motherboard In An Hp Omnibook Xe3

The HP Omnibook Xe3 laptop uses ASUS motherboards.

Hewlett Packard Omnibook Xe3 notebook computer motherboards are manufactured by the ASUS Computer Company. Hewlett Packard buys pre-configured motherboards from ASUS through a contracting agreement. The HP model name for the motherboard from ASUS is called "Phoenix" A8SN-CF.

Motherboard Size

The size of the casing on the average Omnibook Xe3 ranges from 10 by 9.5 inches, which allows for motherboard components space to circulate air through the system unit fan mechanism. The motherboard size for the Omnibook Xe3 is 9.6 by 8.6 inches. The board is sturdy and manufactured with hard-grade plastic.

System BIOS

The system BIOS jumper contains all the pre-boot instructions for the laptop. These instructions are resident in Read Only Memory (ROM). The system BIOS operates from "jumper" settings on the lower right-hand edge of the mother board. The BIOS has a two-pin jumper designation with the first jumper carrying the binary bit of "0" and the second jumper designated as "1" or "off."

CPU Processor Chip

The HP Omnibook Xe3 supports a Socket 1 AMD Turion 64X series processor. The Turin processor is located at the south end of the board with the bus lines leading from the CPU to the architecture of the main board. The processor receives all of its call processes and routines through this section of the motherboard.

Memory Support

The motherboard has support for two banks of memory. The supported memory, PC2-4200 DDR2 DIMMs and PC2-5300 DDR2 DIMMs are the modules used on the main board. Housing for the memory modules are located in the northeast section of the board. The DDR modules consist of 200-pin connectors for optimized memory allocation to chipsets, input/output devices and software applications.

CPU Fan

The CPU fan is the most important module on the motherboard. Without the fan, the CPU chip will overheat and malfunction. The fan has its own connectivity cord to the power regulator, which regulates electrical voltage for the entire motherboard. A generic CPU fan can be used in conjunction with the CPU unit.

Auxiliary Parts

The Omnibook Xe3 motherboard has automatic LAN support integrated into the motherboard, NVIDIA G73M-256 discrete graphics module integrated into the chipset for video capabilities and on-board audio codec support. The bus configuration that controls the motherboard chipset function is the NVIDIA GeForce 6100.

Tags: DDR2 DIMMs, from ASUS, Hewlett Packard, integrated into, main board

Processor Socket Types

CPUs have pins which slip into holes in the processor socket.

Since their inception, microprocessors and central processing units (CPUs) have either been soldered directly to an integrated circuit board or mounted in a socket on the circuit board. Advantages of using a socket include no risk of heat damage to the processor during assembly and the ability to upgrade the CPU with one that is newer and faster. Current model processor sockets differ, depending on whether you are using an Intel or an AMD processor.

Socket 1156

Socket 1156 is one of Intel's new processor socket standards. This socket features 1156 pins that connect the CPU to circuitry on the motherboard. CPUs that use the Socket 1156 standard are the Intel Core i3, Core i5, Core i7, Pentium Dual-Core and Xeon processors. This socket can operate at a range of frequencies between 1867 and 3467 megahertz (MHz). This socket type is sometimes listed as Land Grid Array 1156 or LGA1156. Socket 1156 is installed both in server- and workstation-class systems.

Socket 1336

Some of the fastest, most advanced processors from Intel use the Socket 1366 to mount the CPU on the motherboard. Some versions of the Intel Core i7 use this socket standard. In addition, the Core i7 Extreme Edition, Xeon 3500 Series, and Xeon 5500 Series also use this socket type. Socket 1336 has 1336 pins and supports frequencies between 1667 and 333 MHz. It also supports bus frequencies between 2400 and 3200 MHz. This socket, sometimes called LGA1336, is usually installed in server-class systems.

Socket AM2

Socket AM2 is the socket used by many recent and current model AMD processors, including the Athalon 64, Athalon 64 FX, Athalon 64 X2, Mobile Athalon 64 X2, K8 Sempron, Penom X3, Phenom X4 and second-generation Opteron processors. The AM2 socket has 940 pins that connect the CPU to the motherboard circuitry. It operates at between 1000 and 3200 MHz. Introduced in 2006, this socket supports dual-channel DDR2 memory and a single, 1000-MHz hypertransport link.

Socket AM3

Socket AM3, sometimes called Socket AM2+, is an upgrade to Socket AM2 architecture. Although Socket AM2 devices work in Socket AM3 boards, CPUs designed for Socket AM3 do not work in the earlier socket AM2 boards. Socket AM3 extends support for both DDR2 and DDR3 memory. Bandwidth on these sockets has also increased from the 2 gigatransfers-per-second of the AM2 to a potential 5.2 gigatransfers-per-second on the AM3. Processors using AM3 include the Phenom II and Athalon II.

Tags: Socket 1156, frequencies between, Athalon Athalon, circuit board, Core Core, CPUs have, Intel Core

What Is A 3g Data Card

A 3G data card is a device that connects to a computer to allow access to the Internet using the high-speed data services offered by cell phone companies. 3G data cards normally connect to a USB port, but some 3G radios are built into laptops from the factory.

Features

3G data cards offer near-broadband speeds for computer users who must access the Internet on the go. Many offer GPS services as well, which can help travelers who are in unfamiliar cities.

Benefits

A 3G data card can turn any place with a cellular signal into a Wi-Fi hotspot. Even if you are away from your hometown, most cellular carriers have extensive roaming agreements in place for 3G data cards.

Types

3G data cards can connect directly to a computer via USB, or they can function wirelessly, creating a mobile hotspot that can be accessed by multiple devices simultaneously.

Considerations

Although 3G data card speeds are slower than home and broadband connections, they provide a worthy alternative for users who require an always-on Internet connection on the road.

Warning

Although some 3G data card plans are advertised as "unlimited," all American carriers impose a five gigabyte-per-month limit on 3G data transfers. Any use in excess of five gigabytes will result in per megabyte overage fees.

Tags: data cards, data card, access Internet

What Is Quickbooks Loan Manager

QuickBooks Loan Manager is one of the features in QuickBooks, a software program produced by Intuit for small business accounting needs. The Loan Manager is designed to help small businesses handle their outstanding loans, serving as a central location to keep track of each of their loans and manage payments.

Function

The Loan Manager helps you calculate the correct amount of principal and interest due for each of your payments. It tracks the progress of your loan repayment, including how much principal remains on a loan, and continues to update the loan's amortization schedule, which is the schedule of payments for a loan, as the principal and interest necessary to pay off the loan change.

Notable Features

One of the features of using the Loan Manager is that you can arrange to receive updates that post to your QuickBooks Reminders list when a loan payment is due in 10 days. This helps ensure that you will not miss a payment date because you forgot about it. The Loan Manager also enables you to make the correct payments for a loan directly from QuickBooks, printing up checks for the correct amounts and to the correct lender at your request. Following the payment, the Loan Manager automatically adjusts the amortization schedule after each payment.

Preliminary Steps

In order to use the Loan Manager, you need to take some steps to enter into the program, according to QuickBooks Support. For a new loan, you need to set up a liability account for the loan first, adding any information that you want the Loan Manager to track, such as details about the lender and the balance on the loan. Then, you need to set up an expense account for the interest on the loan and possibly an escrow account, if you are making escrow payments. Finally, transactions should be up to date.

Set-Up

The Loan Manager feature is located in the Banking section of the QuickBooks program. Once the preliminary work is done for the Loan Manager, the set-up is very straightforward. It involves simply entering account information, payment information and interest information for the loan. Account information includes such details as the loan origination date, the original loan amount and the loan's term.

Tags: Loan Manager, amortization schedule, payments loan, principal interest, such details

Update The Roland Vs1680 Software

Update the Roland VS-1680 Software

The Roland VS-1680 is a hardware-based studio recording workstation with the ability to record up to 16 tracks, mix them down and burn them directly to an audio CD without the assistance of a computer. If you own a VS-1680, several system updates may be available, depending on when you purchased the unit. These updates allow the VS-1680 to support add-on hardware released after the VS-1680, such as the VS8F-3 effects board. Update your VS-1680 to give it the ability to support newer add-on hardware.

Instructions

1. Turn on the Roland VS-1680. Connect a MIDI cable to the output port of your computer's MIDI interface and the input port on the back of the VS-1680.

2. Download the 2.500 system update for the Roland VS-1680 (see Resources) and extract the archive to the location of your choice on your computer. Note that there is no difference between the PC and Mac versions of the system update, apart from the format used to compress the file (ZIP for PC and SITX for Mac).

3. Download the SMF Update application for your operating system (see Resources), and extract it to the location of your choice. The update utility operates in the same way for both PC and Mac. Double-click "UpdSMF" after extracting the utility.

4. Click the drop-down menu next to "MIDI Out Device" and select your computer's MIDI interface.

5. Click the "Path" button. Browse to the location where you extracted the Roland VS-1680 software update and click "OK."

6. Click the "Scan SMF" button. You should see several file names, version numbers and copyright dates appear. If nothing appears or you see gibberish, download and extract the software update again.

7. Click the "Send" button to send the system update to the Roland VS-1680 over the MIDI link. This process may take several minutes.

8. Click "Exit" or close the update utility when the system update is complete.

Tags: Roland VS-1680, system update, your computer, add-on hardware, computer MIDI, computer MIDI interface

Upgrade A Cpu With A 478 Socket

Socket 478 is an Intel-based socket designed for the earlier generations of the Pentium 4 and Celeron processors. These sockets use a PGA (pin grid array) interface that allows for processor upgrades with relatively little computer knowledge. The 478 socket allows for processors up to the Pentium 4 Extreme edition to be installed. This processor upgrade may provide significant improvement to a computer's operating efficiency at a lower cost than simply replacing the computer.

Instructions

1. Disconnect the computer from any electrical sources and remove the side access panel. This may require the removal of two thumbscrews on the rear of the computer.

2. Locate the CPU fan and socket. These are usually located in the upper-left corner of the computer's motherboard.

3. Remove the CPU heatsink and fan assembly. This assembly will be held in place over the processor with a simple lever that holds the heatsink in place.

4. Locate the socket release lever. This is located to the side of the 478 CPU socket.

5. Lift the release lever away from the motherboard. This unlocks the CPU from the socket.

6. Lift the CPU out of the socket, holding it by the edges.

7. Insert the new processor into the socket. This socket is keyed and will accept the processor in only one orientation.

8. Attach the heatsink and fan assembly that came with the CPU as per the instructions that accompanied the specific processor being installed.

9. Replace the computer's side access panel and reestablish its electrical connections.

Tags: access panel, heatsink assembly, Locate socket, release lever, side access

Update The Drivers For A Gigabyte Motherboard

Gigabtye is a technology company that makes many different lines of motherboards. As problems, compatibility issues and new technology arise, Gigabyte develops new motherboard drivers to address these features and issues. You may be reluctant to update your motherboard drivers since if the motherboard goes down, the entire computer is done for. In almost all cases, you can update your motherboard drivers without having technical problems.

Instructions

1. Open your Internet browser and navigate to the Gigabyte website.

2. Click "Support and Downloads."

3. Enter the motherboard model in the search box and click "Search." You can also click "Search" with an empty box to bring up a drop-down menu. Choose "Motherboard" and your motherboard's socket, chipset and model.

4. Choose "Driver" in the "Download Type" drop-down menu and select your operating system.

5. Click the file download location closest to you, usually America. Click "Save" and make a note of the download location. Double-click the file once it is downloaded. Click "I Agree" to agree to the end user license agreement. Click "Next" until the installation is complete. Click "Finish" and reboot your computer.

Tags: motherboard drivers, your motherboard, click Search, download location, drop-down menu

Three Types Of Rocks That Form When Lava Cools

Igneous rock forms when lava cools.

Lava rock, also known as igneous rock, is formed when volcanic lava or magma cools and solidifies. It is one of the three main rock types found on Earth, along with metamorphic and sedimentary. Typically, eruption occurs when there is an increase in temperature, a decrease in pressure or a change in composition. There are over 700 types of igneous rocks, all of which have diverse properties; however, they can all be classified into three categories.

Extrusive

Extrusive, also known as volcanic, rocks are a type of igneous rock that form at the crust's surface as a result of volcanic activity. This type of rock occurs when lava flows on or above the Earth's surface and cools down rapidly. The lava comes from the upper mantle layer, 30 to 90 miles beneath the surface, and cools within a few weeks. Because the magma cools and solidifies quickly, the crystals that form do not have time to grow very large, and therefore most extrusive rocks are finely grained. The most common type of extrusive rock is basalt.

Intrusive

Intrusive, or plutonic, igneous rocks form underneath the Earth's surface when magma flows into underground chambers or tunnels. The rock is not exposed to the atmosphere above surface, so the magma cools slowly which allows large mineral crystals to form within the rock. It takes thousands of years for Intrusive rocks to form. A mass of this rock type is called an "intrusion." Granite is the most common type of intrusive igneous rock.

Hypabassal

Hypabassal, or subvolcanic, rock derives from magma that has solidified at a shallow depth of the volcano, mainly in dykes and sills. This type of rock is formed in between extrusive and intrusive rock, and similarly has a texture in between that of intrusive and extrusive rock. This type of rock is rarer than extrusive and intrusive varieties, and often occurs at continental boundaries and oceanic crusts. Andesite is the most common type of hypabassal rock.

Other Types

Over 700 different types of igneous rocks have been discovered to date. These vary in terms of appearance, grain size and amount of time that it takes for the lava to cool. A common igneous rock rule is that if lava cools at a faster rate, the rock formed will have finer grains and have a glassy appearance; if rock cools at a slower rate, the grains will be larger and more coarse. Porphyritic rock is a type that has a combination of large and small grains; this occurs when a rock has a mixed cooling history.

Tags: common type, igneous rock, igneous rocks, magma cools, most common

Types Of Computer Mother Boards

Motherboards come in many varieties, and choosing the right one is important.

Suppose you're looking to repair or build a computer. You quickly realize that you need a new motherboard. It doesn't seem like a daunting task until you research the types of motherboards that you can install into your computer case. It turns out that there are literally dozens of different types, and each type has a very specific set of components and cases with which it will work.

ATX Form Factor

A "form factor" simply refers to the physical dimensions of the motherboard. ATX is the most popular form factor, and was popularized in the late 1990s by Intel. These are the largest boards that fit in desktop computers, and are still used today, albeit several revisions later.

MicroATX Form Factor

This is a smaller version of the ATX form factor. It has the same layout of ports on the back, but it will fit into smaller cases. Most mid-tower systems use this form factor, as it is relatively compact, cheap, and performs as well as the standard ATX boards. The only significant difference between MicroATX and ATX is the number of ports and slots on the board.

FlexATX Form Factor

This form factor was introduced in 1999 by Intel as a smaller alternative to the ATX and MicroATX. It uses the same chipsets, socket types, and chip architecture as all other ATX form factors, but its small size limits it to only two expansion slots, which are usually PCI or PCIe slots.

BTX Form Factor

The BTX form factor was released in 2005 by Intel. It was meant to be a replacement for the aging ATX family of form factors, but as of 2010 it hasn't gained significant popularity among amateur PC builders. According to Intel, the main differences between BTX and ATX are the physical size (BTX is smaller), design (BTX is slightly more efficient), and thermal design (BTX allows for larger airflow volume).

Intel CPU Sockets

A form factor must be chosen in conjunction with a CPU socket, the place where the microprocessor (the computer's "brain") fits onto the board. Once chosen, you will need to replace the whole board if you want a new socket type. In 2010, the most popular Intel sockets available to consumers included Socket 1156, Socket 1366 and Socket 775. The main differences with these socket types reside in how bits of information are passed into and out of the chip.

AMD CPU Sockets

Like the Intel sockets, AMD sockets can also be found for every form factor. The most popular AMD sockets available to consumers in 2010 included AM2+ and AM3. Both types were originally designed for variations of the Athlon and Phenom processors. Again, the main differences lie in chip architecture.

Manufacturers

Several major manufacturers have made a name for themselves in the industry. ASUS, Gigabyte, Intel, and EVGA boards are nearly ubiquitous in North America. Other notable manufacturers include Biostar, MSi and Foxconn. Most manufacturers produce boards with all the popular form factor and socket combinations.

Tags: form factor, main differences, most popular, available consumers, chip architecture, Factor form

Resetting Bios P5ld2

The ASUS P5LD2 computer motherboard is used with ASUS computer desktops and laptops. The BIOS chip, which controls certain settings of the computer, can sometimes become corrupt if your computer cannot handle the BIOS settings changes. In order to revert the settings back to normal, you need to be able to access the P5LD2 motherboard, as a software solution is not available.

Instructions

1. Turn off the ASUS computer by holding in the round "Power" button on the front of the computer tower. Wait until the computer is completely turned off before continuing.

2. Remove the power cable from the rear of the computer tower and unplug any other cables from the computer to make sure there is no power surging through the motherboard when you touch it.

3. Use a screwdriver to remove the tower cover screws from the computer and pull the cover off the computer. You can now see the motherboard inside the computer.

4. Locate the small lithium-ion battery that is loosely connected to the motherboard. The battery is silver in color.

5. Pry the battery off the motherboard and place it away from the computer. Hold the "Power" button in on the computer for 10 seconds, still without it being plugged in. This pulls the excess power from the BIOS chip.

6. Put the battery back into the motherboard after 30 minutes or more. This recycles the BIOS menu and resets it back to its default settings. Place the computer tower cover back on, tighten the screws and plug all the cables back into the computer. The next time you access the BIOS menu, all of the settings will be reverted to the defaults.

Tags: computer tower, from computer, ASUS computer, back into, BIOS chip, BIOS menu, computer motherboard

Update A Realtek Driver For A Toshiba Running Windows Xp

Updating drivers helps keep a Toshiba computer up to date, whether it runs Windows XP or another operating system. Realtek produces audio chipsets for computer motherboards, and Toshiba uses Realtek audio drivers. Updating these drivers will improve the computer's performance and address problems that may have developed since the drivers were last installed. Updating a Realtek driver in Windows XP is an automated process after downloading the driver files.

Instructions

1. Navigate to the Realtek audio driver website (see Resources for the link).

2. Select "Software," then agree to the terms and conditions.

3. Click the download for the Windows XP driver and wait for the drivers to download.

4. Double-click the downloaded installer and click "Next" throughout the setup process to install the latest drivers.

5. Click "Finish" to restart the computer. After the computer has restarted, setup will be complete.

Tags: Realtek audio

Windows Vista Service Pack 1 System Requirements

Service Pack 1 helps the Windows Vista operating system work better.

Microsoft service packs are bundles of fixes, updates and security enhancements added to your Windows operating system in order to keep it up-to-date. If you have not installed Windows Vista Service Pack 1 (SP1), the update is still available on the Microsoft website. SP1 includes changes to Vista's speed, support for hardware drivers like Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) and changes to Disk Defragmenter.

Vista Home Basic

You need an 800-megahertz (32-bit or 64-bit) processor with at least 512 megabytes (MB) of system memory available for installation (you will need more if your computer uses system memory for graphics memory). The computer also needs a 20-gigabyte (GB) hard drive with about 15GB available for installation. You also will need a DirectX 9-class graphics card with 32 MB of graphics memory.

Vista Home Premium, Business, Enterprise and Ultimate

For versions other than Home Basic, you need a one-gigahertz (GHz) 32-bit or 64-bit processor with one GB of system memory available for installation. Your Windows Aero-capable graphics card, which includes DirectX-9, also needs to have a Windows Display Driver Model (WDDM) driver and Pixel Shader 2.0.

Service Pack 1 Update Methods

You can update your Windows Vista operating system in several ways. Windows Update, which is provided with the operating system, automatically updates Windows. You set the schedule of the update, and the computer does the rest. Another way to install Vista SP1 is by downloading a stand-alone version. This version is designed for network administrators and power users who want to control what updates are added to their operating system. Another method of updating is to use the integrated installation update method. This is mainly used on new computers which need to have Vista and SP1 installed.

Pre-Installation Checklist

Microsoft recommends you check your available hard drive space before installation. Since pieces of Vista SP1 were released prior to the full update, Windows Update may have already installed some components for you. Back up your data before installation; unplug any USB devices. Update your device drivers; check for file corruptions using Check Disk and System File Checker.

Cautions

Because the installation process requires you to restart your computer several times, it is important to close all open applications and to plug in laptops during the update. Some drivers may no longer function after you install SP1. If you experience problems with a printer or other device after SP1 is installed, Microsoft recommends downloading the driver for the device and reinstalling it. For sound problems, use the Microsoft FixIt, an automated troubleshooting services wizard which tries to resolve audio problems.

Tags: operating system, Service Pack, Windows Vista, available installation, system memory

Types Of Graphic Card Slots

Types of Graphic Card Slots

Ever since graphic cards became popular, motherboard and graphic card manufacturers worked hand in hand to produce the best throughput possibilities. Through the years, new buses were produced by motherboard manufacturers to support the unconventionally immense throughput demands of modern applications of the day and age.

PCI

The PCI bus was not originally intended for graphic cards. It was originally intended as a 32-bit universal bus for devices to replace the original 16-bit and 8-bit Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus of the past. Graphic cards have sought this new 32-bit bus as a foundation for their architecture. The idea became a success at first. After a while, it did not suffice. A new slot had to be designed to keep up with demands.

AGP

The Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) is the first dedicated channel for graphic cards ever produced. It was introduced in 1997 by Intel in its i440LX Slot 1 chipset. The main advantage that AGP has over PCI is that it runs a dedicated connection from the channel to the CPU. PCI graphic cards would have to share the bus with the other devices attached to each channel. PCI was still used, however, for people who wanted multiple display capabilities. Ever since AGP was produced, it has undergone many improvements, and each new version is backwards compatible with its previous versions.

PCI Express x16

Although PCI Express (PCIe) was meant to be a universal bus, the 16-lane slots on motherboards became favorable for extremely fast graphic cards. Card manufacturers immediately began producing cards that ran with the PCIe bus. It shortly became an incredible success, more so than PCI or AGP.

PCIe and PCI

PCIe is interesting because it can be recognized in systems that can only recognize PCI or AGP buses. Unlike the original PCI bus, devices connected to the PCIe bus do not need to share the bus with each other. You can enjoy the full potential of each device you connect to any PCIe slot without compromising speed with a shared bus. This is also known as a serial bus, and the idea is a reflection of other concepts, such as USB (cleverly named the Universal Serial Bus and created as a replacement of the old serial COM ports of computers).

PCIe and AGP

After PCIe was released, AGP quickly lost its place as an innovative means of graphic acceleration because most motherboards contained only one AGP slot. However, some motherboards would implement even up to three PCIe slots. It is also obviously better to have the system rely on only one universal bus, much like how PCI was intended. AGP is only able to reach barely three quarters of the fastest speed that PCIe can deliver.

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What Temperature Should A Computer Run At

What Temperature Should a Computer Run At?

Maintaining a proper operating temperature for computers is critical for reliability and longevity. Heat causes computer components to fail more quickly, and in extreme cases an overheating computer can fail catastrophically. Different computer types have different maximum temperatures. This guide will explore proper operating temperatures for several different types of computer systems.

AMD Based Notebook Computers

The maximum operating temperature for AMD processors is indicated by the Ordering Part Number (OPN) on the top of the processor. The OPN is the letter third from the right. If your processor has a V, then your maximum operating temperature is 85 degrees Celsius. The operating temperature for T is 90 degrees Celsius. CPUs with an S have a maximum operating temperature of 95 degrees Celsius. For system longevity, however, lower temperatures are usually better. Many people recommend a maximum sustained temperature of 60-70 degrees Celsius.

Intel Based Notebook Computers

Intel CPUs tend to run a little cooler than AMD. The maximum operating temperature ranges from 75 to 85 degrees Celsius. However, it is best to maintain a maximum sustained temperature between 50 and 60 degrees Celsius.

AMD Based Desktop Computers

Desktop computers have an added advantage of being able to move more air over a CPU for cooling. The maximum operating temperature for AMD processors in desktop computers is also indicated by the Ordering Part Number (OPN) on the top of the processor. The OPN is the letter third from the right. If your processor has a V, then your maximum operating temperature is 85 degrees Celsius. The operating temperature for T is 90 degrees Celsius. CPUs with an S have a maximum operating temperature of 95 degrees Celsius. Many people recommend a maximum sustained temperature of 50-65 degrees Celsius.

AMD Based Desktop Computers

In desktops, Intel CPUs tend to run a little cooler than AMD. The maximum operating temperature ranges from 75 to 85 degrees Celsius. However, it is best to maintain a maximum sustained temperature between 45 and 55 degrees Celsius.

What to Do if Your Computer is Overheating?

What you should do if your computer is overheating will depend on the type of system you have and the way the CPU is installed. An easy fix, if the CPU is readily accessible, is to clean the CPUs heat sink. Over time, dust and pet hair can clog a heat sink reducing its ability to cool. For notebook computers, using a cooling pad with fans under the computer can reduce temperatures by as much as 10 degrees Celsius. Adding additional fans, either case fans or a larger CPU fan, can help reduce the CPU temperature on desktop computers.

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What Is The Difference Between 1mb Vs 2mb Caches

Larger caches help processors run more efficiently.

The central processing unit (CPU) is the brain of a computer. Even what a user may perceive as a simple action on a computer requires the processor to work through many different equations for it to work. In crunching these numbers for even the most basic computer functionality, the processor has the aid of a memory cache.

Purpose

When processors receive a set of instructions from a program, they crunch the numbers necessary to execute the function itself. While processors are designed to be efficient at performing these types of calculations, it would be redundant and waste processor time if a processor had to crunch the numbers for the same calculation over and over again. For this reason, modern processors have memory caches where processors can store recent function data.

Cache Performance

When processors can store calculation data in a cache, the processor doesn't have to go through the entire process of re-crunching the numbers for a particular function. Rather, the processor can simply retrieve the relevant data from its cache and move onto the next set of instructions it has to deal with more quickly than if it had to actually perform the same set of calculations once again. The larger the cache, the more data it can re-reference rather than re-solve.

Memory Size

Processors calculate data in binary units, usually with the base unit of a byte consisting of eight bits. Computer storage uses metric terms to describe data storage, with a kilobyte representing a grouping of 1,000 bytes and a megabyte constituting 1 million bytes (or 1,000 KB). Consequently, a cache of 1 MB can hold 1 million bytes for a processor, a 2 MB cache can hold 2 million bytes for a processor.

Fabrication

While having a cache of 2 MB will improve a processor's performance by twice as much as a cache of 1 MB, it is not something a user can upgrade as he would his computer's RAM. Processors are fabricated through sophisticated processes tht require the entire unit to be put together at once. Consequently, the size of a processor's cache is a permanent aspect of the processor. If a user decides she wants a larger cache after she buys a processor, it means she needs to buy an entirely new CPU.

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What Is Cpu Ratio

The CPU ratio is the ratio of the speed of a personal computer's central processing unit with that of the computer's system bus. Semiconductor company Intel Corp. in particular refers to it as bus/core ratio, which is a combination of the speeds of the components involved: the core(s), or processing units, that comprise the CPU and the system bus.

Description

Each CPU, which is the part of the motherboard-installed microprocessor, carries out the PC's basic operations at a certain speed; this rate is called clock speed. The system bus -- a computer interface that connects the CPU with other components of the PC such as random-access memory (RAM) -- also runs at a certain speed. The CPU uses the system bus rate to perform at a faster rate than the system bus itself, which it accomplishes by synchronization. This means that it operates in unison with the system bus, thus using it as a sort of timer.

Clock Multiplier

Integral to the CPU ratio is the clock multiplier, also known as CPU multiplier or clock ratio. The clock multiplier, true to its naming, multiplies the speed of the CPU compared to that of the system bus. For instance, if there is a 10x multiplier, the CPU runs at a speed 10 times that of the system bus, and the CPU ratio is written as 1/10. Thus, the involvement of the clock multiplier creates the CPU ratio.

Bus/Core Ratio

For CPUs from companies such as Intel, the CPU ratio is expressed as the bus/core ratio. It is typically represented by a two-digit number, which signifies the clock multiplier. For instance, the Intel Core i7-2620M -- one of Intel's top-level consumer-oriented microprocessors -- has a bus/core ratio of 27 and a clock speed of 2.7 gigahertz, or 2,700 megahertz. Thus, the system bus rate is 100 MHz, which is derived from dividing the clock speed by the CPU multiplier.

Overclocking

Some computer system permit users to increase the clock multiplier -- and consequently widening the CPU ratio -- in the basic input/output system (BIOS) menu. This results in the CPU running at a faster rate than the default standard. This process is known as overclocking. The benefit is a performance boost without the need to purchase additional software. It is a practice particularly popular among PC gamers, who need high-performance machines for their gaming activities.

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Tell The Difference Between Graphic Card Models

A desktop graphics card is an advanced computer component.

Graphics cards are among the most advanced of all computer components. Their role is to process instructions associated with rendering, gaming and visual design programs so that the computer's main processor is free to perform other tasks. These graphics-intensive applications require many instructions to be processed at once. This means that graphics cards need speed, memory and the ability to perform multiple tasks simultaneously. The extent of the performance demands can make it difficult to choose the right graphics card. However, understanding and comparing some key specifications will help you make an informed decision.

Instructions

1. Note the slot type of the models you are comparing. This is otherwise known as the "interface." This will either be the Peripheral Component Interconnect Express slot or the Accelerated Graphics Port slot. As of 2011, AGP has been phased out in favor of PCI-E. Thus, PCI-E cards represent the latest technologies and the best possible performance. AGP cards can only be used in older computers with compatible slots.

2. Compare the core clocks of the models in question. Usually expressed in megahertz (MHz), this is the manufacturer's way of conveying the speed of the card. It is the number of times per second the cards' processors work to carry out commands from software. The higher the clock, the more calculations the card executes in a given amount of time and the faster it produces the necessary graphics.

3. Look at how many stream processors each card has, also referred to as cores. Each of these can be thought of as a separate processing unit. The more of these a given graphics card has, the more tasks it can perform simultaneously; that is, the better its parallelism. This is especially important with fast-paced 3D games that have to constantly produce and display rapidly changing graphics.

4. Determine the memory specifications. Here, you have three main specs to consider -- amount, speed and type. The more memory you have on the card itself, the less often the card has to wait for data from other slower sources. Speed is important because it determines how quickly the card retrieves the information it needs and supplies it to the areas handling the processing. As of 2011, most new cards use either GDDR3, 4 or 5. The higher the version, the more information the card's processors can obtain per memory access and the less time they sit idle, waiting for tasks to execute.

5. Note the types and the versions of software each card supports. The two main types of graphics card software are Direct X or Open GL. Both are forms of Application Programing Interfaces. They allow the card to interact with other components in order to translate its work to the 2D and 3D images you see on screen. As of summer 2011, the most recent versions of these are Direct X 11 and Open GL 4.1. The more current this support, the better the card will run new games and applications.

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Update Or Flash A Bios

Your computer's BIOS allows your hardware to communicate with your operating system. It also allows your operating system to boot. Updating a BIOS is called "flashing" the BIOS. You may need to flash or update your BIOS when you install new hardware, change your operating system or simply to upgrade to the latest version. Flashing the BIOS takes only a few minutes and can be done from a floppy disk, executable file or flash drive.

Instructions

1. Determine your BIOS or motherboard manufacturer. You can find this information by restarting your computer and pressing "F2," "Esc" or "Delete" to enter the BIOS. Press the correct key during the boot process and before the operating system loading screen. The key will be listed as the system boots and depends on your computer system. Write down the BIOS version and motherboard manufacturer and press "Esc" to exit the BIOS. The version and manufacturer are listed at the top of the BIOS screen.

2. Visit the motherboard manufacturer to find the latest BIOS updates. The website will vary based on the manufacturer. Typical manufacturers include Acer, AMD and Intel. You can find a complete list, along with websites, in the Resources section.

Alternately, visit your computer manufacturer's website. For instance, Dell BIOS updates can be found on the Dell website. Go to the support or service section, select drivers and downloads, select your computer model and select the BIOS update from the list.

3. Select the type of download that's right for you. For instance, most sites offer a version for floppy disks, other media and an executable you can use straight from your hard drive. If you don't have a floppy drive, choose another option. Download the instructions that are with the BIOS update file as well. Each update installs differently. Click "Download" and choose where you want to install the file. If you choose to use a floppy disk or other media, download the file directly to the media instead of your hard drive.

4. Exit all running programs and remove any disks and USB drives from your computer before flashing the BIOS.

5. Read the instructions carefully before flashing the BIOS.

For floppy disks, flash drives and other media, insert the media, restart your computer and press "F12" to access the boot options. Choose either "Floppy Disk" or "USB," depending on the media you're using and press "Enter." The update will automatically run. Wait for your computer to restart after the BIOS has been updated.

For your hard drive, double-click the executable file and follow the steps in the installation wizard. Restart your computer when prompted to complete the installation.

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What Are The Best Micro Atx Motherboards

PCI slots on a motherboard

Micro ATX motherboards are more compact than regular-sized ATX motherboards. They usually have onboard video and audio, and they have two to three PCI slots. The type of motherboard you select for your computer will directly affect what type of processor you use, and will influence how your components communicate with one another. There are many quality boards out there if you know what to look for.

EVGA H55V

This motherboard was designed to be an affordable option for those who need to upgrade their OS from Windows XP to Windows Vista or 7. It supports Intel processors such as the Core i7-800, i5 and i3. Heating issues are minimized by using a passive chipset heatsink, reducing the need for noisy fans. This board's solid-state capacitors are designed to last. A simple and cost-effective motherboard, the EVGA is a sensible choice that will work with most of your existing components. You'll need a SATA or SATA II hard drive, though, as this board has no IDE ports.

ASUS Republic of Gamers Rampage III Formula

Gamers will recognize Intel's high-end x58 Northbridge/ICH10R Southbridge combination on this board, giving your graphics card up to 36 PCI-Express lanes to work with. You also get Triple Channel Memory for your RAM, as well as SATA RAID support for your SATA hard drives. ROG Connect gives you a way to plug a laptop computer into the motherboard and tweak or flash the BIOS to your heart's content. This means no more worrying about a corrupted BIOS ruining your motherboard. With the onboard EAX 5.0 HD audio, you get all the features of Creative's SoundBlaster Audigy sound cards.

Gigabyte 880GMA-UD2H

In contrast to the motherboards with Intel chipsets that are compatible with Intel processors, this motherboard from Gigabyte is built for AMD processors. One thing that sets Gigabyte boards such as this one apart from the rest is their "True 333" technology. Basically this means you get a motherboard that delivers three times the power to SATA 3.0 and USB 3.0 ports. To put this in perspective, consider that USB 2.0 transfers data at 480 megabits per second, while USB 3.0 on this board transfers data at 5 gigabits per second.

MSI P55A Fuzion

The big idea behind the MSI's P55A is to get two different types of graphic card technologies to work together. Typically, a motherboard is optimized for Nvidia's Scalable Link Interface (SLI) graphics cards or ATI's Crossfire graphics cards. Due to the competition between Nvidia and ATI, their cards are designed not to work on the same system. The P55A solves this problem by using a technology from Lucid appropriately named Fuzion. Most popular games and applications are already supported by the Fuzion driver, and once you have installed drivers for your video cards, all you have to do is download and install the Fuzion driver from Windows 7 website (see Resources).

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Update Bios Asus G1s

The basic input/output system, or BIOS, is the firmware interface for motherboards. The BIOS is the first set of code that opens when you turn on your computer. The BIOS tests, and then begins operating, all hardware on your computer, and it creates the connectivity between your motherboard and all other peripherals, before booting into your operating system. Usually you will not need to update Asus's BIOS firmware, but if you experience incompatibility between hardware then you might be running an old version that needs an update.

Instructions

Downloading the BIOS Update

1. Go to the Asus Support website.

2. Type in "G1S" into the "Input Model to Search" box then press "Enter" or "Return."

3. Click "G1S" then click the "Select OS" drop-down menu. Choose your operating system and click "Search."

4. Choose the BIOS version you want. Asus recommends the most recent update, so click one of the "Download from" links to download the BIOS. Extract this zip file to a temporary folder on your desktop. Windows XP and later users, right-click and choose "Extract Here." If you are using a operating system older than Windows XP, download a utility such as 7-Zip to decompress zip archives.

Updating the BIOS Using Winflash

5. Click "Start" then "All Programs" then "Asus Utility" then "Winflash" and then click "Winflash."

6. Locate the BIOS image file previously downloaded and extracted.

7. Confirm the information by clicking "OK."

8. Click "Flash" to begin the BIOS flashing process.

9. Click "Exit" to finish the BIOS update. Your computer should automatically restart.

10. Press "F2" as your computer restarts after the BIOS update. Scroll to "Load Manufacture Defaults," then press "Esc," and choose "Yes" to save settings. Your computer will boot up with the newly updated BIOS.

Updating the BIOS Via a USB Flash Drive

11. Insert a USB Flash drive to your computer. Copy all files from the extracted zip file to your USB Flash drive.

12. Remove all components connected to your computer via USB, apart from the USB Flash Drive.

13. Restart your computer and press "F4" as your computer starts.

14. Select the "C:" drive by using the up and down arrow keys, then press "Enter."

15. Select "G1SAS.xxx"-xxx will represent the BIOS version you downloaded.

16. Select "Yes" to update BIOS.

17.Press "F2" as your computer restarts after the BIOS update. Scroll to "Load Manufacture Defaults," then press "Esc," and choose "Yes" to save settings. Your computer will boot up with the newly updated BIOS.

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