Upgrades For Dell 4550 Motherboard

The Dell Dimension 4550 is one of Dell's entry-level desktop computers. But as with any computer, the 4550's performance can be improved through upgrading. Almost every component on the Dell 4550's motherboard can be upgraded, which can improve everything from the computer's performance to its storage capabilities.

RAM

The 4550 features two bays for memory sticks. Depending on your preferred memory configuration, you can add or replace memory for the 4550. Additional memory improves your computer's processing overhead and allows for it to run faster.

Video Card

The 4550 also features an AGP slot, which is dedicated for graphics cards. If you want to do high-end computer gaming or other intensive graphics-based tasks, you can install a dedicated graphics card into the AGP port on your 4550's motherboard.

Hard Drive

Unlike newer motherboards, the 4550 only features a single hard drive IDE slot, but if you want to improve your computer's storage, you can swap out your current hard drive for a larger model. Simply unplug your older hard drive and install the new one in its place.

CD Drive

Similarly, the 4550's motherboard features another IDE connector for its CD drive. If you want to switch out the current CD drive with a faster burner or other IDE-based device, all you have to do is remove the old drive and replace it with the newer model.

PCI

As with every desktop computer, the 4550's motherboard features a standard set of PCI slots. These PCI slots can be used for a variety of different things, ranging from dedicated audio processors to additional network connection cards.

Tags: 4550 motherboard, 4550 motherboard, 4550 motherboard features, computer 4550, dedicated graphics

What Are The Benefits Of Dual Video Cards

A video card displays the images on your computer screen. Technology has evolved to where you can install multiple video cards in your computer. There are several reasons why such a setup can be beneficial to your computing experience.

Processing Speed

The technology behind these cards is designed to make them work together to process information faster. This allows you to enable additional visual effects in computer games.

Monitor Options

Since dual video cards perform much faster, you can use much larger display monitors (or multiple monitors) while having the same performance that you would with a single card and a single, smaller monitor.

Product Longevity

Since two cards perform substantially faster than a single card, your miminum performance stays higher for longer. You don't have to replace your cards as often to keep up with more advanced video card applications.

Recovery Options

With a dual-card set up, one of your cards can break down or be damaged without losing video display capability altogether. This gives you more time to obtain a replacement card.

Physics Calculations

Particularly with computer games, one card can be set to show objects on the screen, while the other card can be set to calculate how those objects move and interact with one another.

Tags: cards perform, computer games, single card, video card, your cards

Test A Ps3 Motherboard With A Digital Multimeter

You can test your PS3 motherboard with a multimeter.

Your PlayStation 3 game console can experience a number of problems, from a faulty disc drive to a bad power supply. If your PS3 won't hold power and you feel that the outlet and cable are fine, it could be the result of a bad connector on the motherboard. You can save some cash by disassembling the PS3 yourself and testing the board with a digital multimeter.

Instructions

1. Unplug the power cable of your PS3 from the socket but don't unplug it from the rear of the console. You will need to plug it back in later.

2. Remove the screw on the left side of the console, near the top.

3. Slide the top cover of the console to the left and lift it up to remove it.

4. Remove the seven screws on the exposed panel on top of the PS3.

5. Remove the panel and set it aside.

6. Remove all screws from the corners of the metal disc drive inside the PS3.

7. Lift the drive up and unplug the thick ribbon cable that attaches to the back of it. Set the disc drive aside. You will now have access to the motherboard.

8. Locate the back of the motherboard where the power adapter meets the board. You will see a connector on the board that the adapter attaches to.

9. Plug in your PS3 and turn on your digital multimeter. Set the multimeter to "V" so that it reads volts.

10. Touch the the black (-) lead that is connected to the meter to a non-electrical part of the PS3, such as the plastic housing. This will ground the meter.

11. Touch the red (+) lead to one of the pins on the adapter connector on the motherboard. The meter should produce a reading between 11 and 13 volts. If it is lower than that the motherboard power connector is failing.

Tags: disc drive, connector motherboard

Why Is The Sound On My Computer Staticfilled

Troubleshooting sound card static

Sound cards can experience a myriad of problems. Some of the most common problems include no sound at all, sound freezing or static sound when playing audio files. Each of these problems can occur for many reasons.

Speaker Issues

The static heard when playing audio files may be a direct result of damage to the speaker hardware. When the speakers pop or blow out, the resulting sound has distortion or static. You can test your speakers by connecting them to another computer.

PCI Slot Problems

Some PCI slots may receive electrical feedback from the power supply, reports Directron.org, a website dedicated to computers. Try moving the sound card to another PCI port further away from the power supply.

Driver Incompatibility

If you are using the incorrect drivers for your sound card or operating system, it can result in distortion or static sound. Check the version of your sound card and make sure your sound drivers are up to date.

Hardware Conflicts

If you have an integrated sound card or secondary sound card installed, hardware conflicts may cause problems with playback sound. Removing older driver versions of other sound cards may be a solution to static.

Tags: sound card, your sound, audio files, distortion static, from power

The Dell Latitude D600 Is Getting No Power From The Ac Adapter

Troubleshoot Dell Latitude D600 power issues.

The Dell Latitude D600 is a part of the thin and light series made by Dell. This particular model is equipped with the newer Pentium M processor, making it one of the faster laptops of its time. It has all of the standard ports and features of the newer laptop models including the wireless mini card. However, like all laptops, after a certain period of time this computer can start to experience power issues. These power issues can be power cord, power outlet or DC Jack related.

Power Cord Breaks and Lights

Power shortage issues are often caused by problems with the power cord, and because this is such an easy fix, it is often overlooked. Check for breaks, tears or cuts in the cord and fix them with electrical tape or replace the cord, if the cuts are too deep. Check the box in the middle of the card to see if the surge protector light goes on when it is plugged into both the computer and power outlet; if this light is off then you need to replace the cord.

Power Cord

Check the voltage output for the power cord with a digital multimeter. If the voltage output does not have the correct Amps and Ohms listed on the surge protector box label (found in the middle of the cord) then you should replace the cord. Improper voltage transferring will keep the laptop from powering on.

Power Jack

When the DC power jack starts to fail or slightly loosens on the motherboard, it causes uneven voltage to reach the motherboard. Signs of this problem begin when you have to prop the power cord connector on the back of the computer in a certain way to get it to power on. Although the D600 will come on for some time by doing this, the DC jack is defective and needs to be replaced.

Tags: Dell Latitude, Dell Latitude D600, Latitude D600, power issues, replace cord, power cord, power outlet

Parts Of A Computer

Computers are composed of hundreds of individual parts but they can be grouped into less than a dozen functional areas. Although desktops and laptops look different, they share many of the same basic parts. Because laptops must be portable and are limited by battery power, their parts must be smaller and designed with power saving features. That is really the extent of the differences between laptops and desktops.

The Motherboard

The motherboard is the main circuit board of the computer. The CPU (Central Processing Unit), RAM (Random Access Memory), hard drives, DVD (Digital Video Disk) and CD (Compact Disc) drives and every other component must report to and communicate with the motherboard. Through the motherboard all of the parts of the computer get their marching orders.

The CPU

The CPU has often been called the "brain" of the computer. In fact it does operate much like a brain. The CPU does most of the computation and processing for the computer. The CPU is mounted directly on the motherboard. The CPU is the primary component that determines how powerful a computer is.

CPU Speed

Many people refer to powerful computers by saying they are "faster." It is the speed of the CPU which determines how fast the computer is. Modern computer speeds are measured in GHZ (Gigahertz). The term gigahertz refers to the number of cycles a computer CPU makes in a second. For instance, your electricity goes through one complete cycle 50 or 60 times a second (50 or 60 "cycles per second"). In contrast, faster computers cycle at a rate of 3 gigahertz, or 3 billion cycles per second.

RAM

If the CPU is the brain of the computer, RAM is the short-term memory. RAM is inside of the computer and is plugged into the motherboard. When the power is turned off on the computer anything stored in the RAM is lost.

Hard Drives

The RAM is the short-term memory of the computer and the hard drive is the long-term memory. The hard drive is considered permanent storage; and barring accidental erasure or hard drive failure it is permanent. The hard drive is where the operating system, all of the programs and the data are stored. If you write a letter to your grandmother and save it, it is saved, by default, to the hard drive.

CD and DVD drives

CD and DVD drives are considered secondary storage devices, and are often used for data backup and recording and playing CD's and DVD movies.

Other parts

Your keyboard and mouse are considered input devices your as typing and mouse movements are input into the computer. Your Monitor and printer are considered output devices--the computer sends, or outputs data to them. The power supply provides power to the computer, and the video card sends information to your monitor so it can display images and text. The Ethernet port allows you to hook up to a network and the Internet. Peripheral devices are other things that plug into your computer like external drives, speakers or a scanner.

Tags: hard drive, brain computer, cycles second, short-term memory

Update The Compaq Bios

Update the Compaq BIOS

Upgrading the BIOS allows you to accommodate newer processors, overclocking options and new features that the old BIOS may not be able to perform. Under normal circumstances, it is not a good idea to enter the BIOS unless you are proficient in computer technologies. The BIOS holds all the hardware configurations for the boot-up process, and an inexperienced user has the potential of locking himself out of the BIOS via the password feature. Take great care when entering the BIOS.

Instructions

Retrieve BIOS Information

1. Restart your computer.

2. Press the "F1" key when the first screen appears to access the BIOS. This screen is the black initial screen that appears, not the Windows splash screen. If you see the Windows logo, then you missed the opportunity to get into the BIOS--go back to Step 1.

3. Write down the BIOS version that is listed on the main screen of the BIOS.

4. Exit the BIOS. Press the "F10" key, select "Yes" and then press the "Enter" key. The computer will restart and boot up normally.

Retrieve and Install the BIOS Update

5. Click the "Compaq Drivers Downloads" link at the bottom of the page in the "Resources" section.

6. Type in the model of your computer in the "Enter your product number" field, and click the "Next" button.

7. Select the operating system that is installed on your computer.

8. Find the BIOS updates that are available for your computer. BIOS updates can be found under three different headings: BIOS, BIOS-System or RomPaq.

9. Click the appropriate link and download the BIOS update onto your computer.

10. Copy the downloaded file onto a blank formatted floppy disk. Leave the disk in the drive and restart the computer. When the computer restarts, it will open the "Download Page" from the floppy drive. The "Download Page" will have different instructions, depending on the BIOS version and model type of your computer. After the "Download Page," the Installation Setup" screen will appear. Follow the instructions carefully and fully. Your BIOS update has now been installed.

Tags: your computer, Download Page, BIOS updates, BIOS version, Update Compaq

Update The Bios Of An Xfx 7900gs

Update the BIOS of an XFX 7900GS

A BIOS, or basic input output system, consists of the essential instructions that tell a video card perform its function, including setting the speed of the graphics card processor and memory. Updating the BIOS of a video card can be necessary to either correct for bugs in a previous revision or to bolster your card's performance. Before starting, note that flashing (another word for \"reprogramming\") your video card's BIOS will void your warranty, so be careful before taking the plunge.

Instructions

1. Go to BootDisc.com and download a DOS boot disc for your particular copy of Windows. BIOS flashes can only be performed while in DOS, so you will need this to proceed.

2. Go to the link titled NVFlash in the Resource section of this guide and download the NVFlash utility. This is the program that you will be running to update your card, so save it onto your floppy disc.

3. Go to the link titled Nvidia Card BIOS in the Resource section of this guide and download the specific driver file that you want to upgrade to. Save this onto your floppy disc as well.

4. Reboot your computer with the DOS boot disc in the drive to enter into DOS. At the A:\\ prompt, type in 'nvflash.exe -b backup.ROM' and follow by pressing the \"Enter\" key. This will create a backup of your old BIOS in case something goes wrong.

5. Type in 'nvflash -p -u -f' followed by the name of the new BIOS file, then press enter. The computer will then replace your old 7900GS BIOS with the new BIOS that you downloaded off the web.

Tags: video card, 7900GS BIOS, boot disc, floppy disc, guide download, link titled, onto your

Why Is My Graphics Card Slower Than Onboard Graphics

Why Is My Graphics Card Slower Than Onboard Graphics?

If you have installed a graphics card and find that your graphics performance is actually worse than onboard graphics, it is likely that you installed an outdated PCI graphics card on a motherboard with the faster and more advanced PCI-E onboard.

Significance

Although a graphics card's GPU or graphics processing unit appears higher in capacity than that of a computer's default pre-installed onboard graphics, the newly installed graphics card is likely not a PCI Express graphics card.

History

PCI Express or "PCI-E" has replaced the outdated Accelerated Graphics Port or "AGP" as the standard onboard graphics included and pre-installed on new computer systems. When an outdated graphics card such as a PCI, PCI-X or AGP graphics is installed and used in place of PCI-E onboard graphics, the performance of the graphics card will be notably slower.

Prevention/Solution

Ensure that the graphics card is compatible with PCI Express. Alternatively, you may need to update your graphics card drivers by visiting the homepage of the manufacturer of the graphics card to download free driver updates to install on your computer.

Tags: graphics card, graphics card, onboard graphics, Card Slower, Card Slower Than, Graphics Card Slower, graphics performance

What Is A Workstation

A workstation is a computer that makes requests of servers for resources and access to files, data or applications stored on the server, which then grants or denies access to these resources. Workstations were originally "dumb terminals" that connected to and requested resources from a mainframe computer.

Monitor

All workstations have LCD monitors so you can see, edit and enter data into the system.

Keyboard

The workstation keyboard can be a standard keyboard or a specialized one, depending on the assigned use of the workstation.

Memory

Workstations can have as much memory as needed by the specialized applications they are designed to run.

Hard Drives

Workstation may have hard drives, depending on the particular needs of the organization in which the workstation is installed.

Mouse

A mouse is a standard input device necessary to navigate the graphic user interface of most standard workstation operating systems.

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Update The Bios On A Soyo Dragon Motherboard

BIOS updates enhance performance.

The Basic Input Output System (BIOS) loads your operating system, starts your computer and runs the devices attached to it. Updating the BIOS is sometimes necessary to fix bugs on your motherboard or improve compatibility with new devices. It often improves your system's performance. Although Soyo, the maker of the Dragon motherboard, is out of business, BIOS updates are still available on the Internet.

Instructions

1. Download the BIOS update from the Driver Squad site (see Resources). Close all programs running on your computer. Double-click on the installer file to run the update.

2. Follow the prompts to install the BIOS update. The update will install and give your motherboard updated instructions for your devices. Shut down your computer when the update is complete.

3. Reboot your computer to make sure that the BIOS update was successful. You will see a new BIOS version number on your screen when your computer starts up. If your BIOS update was not successful and your old version is still listed, re-install the update file.

Tags: your computer, BIOS update, BIOS update successful, BIOS updates, starts your

What Is The Intel Celeron Processor 2 4

"

Intel Celeron 2.4" refers to the clock speed of certain Intel Celeron processors. Examples are the desktop PC processor E1600; the Intel Celeron D 320; and the 2.4 version of the Mobile Celeron, used for mobile electronic devices.

"2.4"

The "2.4" number is a reference to the Intel Celeron's clock speed, which is measured at 2.4 gigahertz, or GHz. The clock speed is the rate at which the CPU performs its processing duties.

Other Features

Using a 64-bit instruction set, the Intel Celeron E1600 has a front-side bus speed--the rate at which it connects with the northbridge of the computer's motherboard--of 800 megahertz, or MHz. The 32-bit Celeron D 320 and 2.4-GHz Mobile Celeron have FSB speeds of 533 MHz and 400 MHz, respectively. While the L2 cache (secondary memory bank) of the E1600 is 512 kilobytes, or KB, that of the Celeron D 320 and 2.4-GHz Celeron is half that amount--at 256 KB.

Manufacture

While the Intel Celeron E1600 is a dual-core processor, which means that it has two processing units, the Intel Celeron D and 2.4-GHz Mobile Intel Celeron are single-core CPUs. This makes the E1600 twice as powerful as its two aforementioned siblings.

Tags: Intel Celeron, Celeron 4-GHz, clock speed, 4-GHz Mobile, Celeron 4-GHz Mobile

The Factors Determining The Speed & Power Of A Computer

Computer speed and performance is no longer simply the measure of the processor's ability to crunch numbers. As technology has advanced other hardware factors such as available RAM (Random Access Memory) and hard drive performance have come to support the processor enough to warrant their importance as significant.

CPU

The CPU is a chip that performs nearly all calculations within a computing system. The "speed" of a CPU is determined by three factors. The frequency of the CPU is the number of cycles it can perform in a second. The higher this value the higher a CPU will perform against a member of its own processing family. Cache memory is the amount of on-chip memory available to a processor for storing current execution instructions and data. The higher this value within a processor, the less time it spends waiting for information to be accessed from the main system memory. Lastly, the core count on a CPU is the number of processing cores available to a CPU for performing tasks. The higher the number of physical cores on a single processor, the more tasks it can execute simultaneously. This reduces program lag and allows complex operations to be broken down into smaller tasks.

RAM

The amount of RAM in a computer has a large impact on its performance. When a computing system has no more available system memory, it uses a portion of the hard disk to store operating data. The hard disk is many times slower than system memory and any hard drive access--reads or writes--requires much longer lengths of time. This can considerably slow a computer down. RAM is a relatively inexpensive hardware device that is easily upgradeable.

Hard Drive Performance

The performance of the hard drive affects a computing system significantly. No matter how fast your processor is, the operating system, applications and associated data must all be read into system memory at some point. This loading time significantly reduces a computer's performance. Newer hard drives such as SAS (serial attached SCSI) and SSDs (solid-state drives) posses much faster data transfer speeds and can significantly enhance computing speed and efficiency.

Tags: system memory, computing system, hard disk, hard drive, higher this, higher this value, this value

Update The Bios On Msi Wind

The MSI Wind is a popular "netbook"---a very small laptop computer optimized for low cost and high portability. Occasionally, updates may be released by MSI to improve the performance or reliability of the Wind, such as updates for the BIOS (the chip that controls the basic internal operations of the machine). Check for and install BIOS upgrades to keep your MSI Wind performing its best.

Instructions

1. Visit the MSI Support Downloads page using the link in the Resources section.

2. Click the button labeled "Click Here" to have the website automatically detect your MSI Wind model, or enter the model number using the drop-down menus on the right side of the screen. You will be taken to a product page showing a picture of the laptop.

3. Click on the "BIOS" tab. Scroll down to the "Download" link at the bottom of the page and use it to download the most recent BIOS for your Wind.

4. Close all open programs that are running on the Wind. Make sure that the unit is plugged into a power outlet, and that the battery is fully charged.

5. Extract the downloaded file into a folder. Double-click "flash.bat" and the MSI Wind BIOS will be updated automatically.

Tags: your Wind

Intel Dual Core Vs Core 2 Duo

Core 2 Duo and Pentium Dual core processors are great in their own way. Both CPUs have two cores on one physical package. The two cores enable processing three times faster than single-core CPUs. Both processors have 64-bit technology. However, there continues to be confusion about price, CPU speed, bus speed and size of L2 cache.

What differences exist? What are the similarities? Here are some comparisons that will clear things up when deciding on one.

Mobile Pentium Dual

The T2130, T2080 and T2060 are Pentium dual cores but they have 32-bit instruction sets. They can't run 64-bit and they are compatible with socket M.

The T2310, T2330, T2370, T2390, T2410, T3200, T3400, and T4200 are 64-bit and can run 32- and 64-bit operating systems, games and applications. They are compatible with socket P.

Desktop Duals

The Intel Pentium Dual Processor 800, 900, E2000, E5000, and E6000 series are dual-core processors and have Intel's 64-bit architecture. Budget-priced and great for overclocking, they have fewer features than Core 2 Duo. L2 cache, for instance, comes in only two sizes, 1 and 2 megabytes.

Pentium Dual Extreme Editions are another story. L2 cache sizes are 2 and 4 Mbytes. The speeds are up to 3.73 GHz. All Pentium duals fit socket 775.

Mobile 2 Duo

Laptop users can choose from well over 50 Core 2 Duo processors. Unlike the Pentium Dual, these processors are not specifically budget CPUs. Nevertheless, pricing of the Core 2 Duo is competitive in the low and mid-range.

The Core 2 Duo offers more options. For instance, the processor speed ranges up to 3.06 GHz. L2 cache size can range up to 6 Mbytes. The bus speeds are up to 1,006 MHz.

Desktop 2 Duo

The series are E4000, E6000, E7000, E8000. All are 64-bit. The E series like E6300, 6320, 6400, 6420, 6540, 6600, 6700, 6750,6850 are all Core 2 Duo.

The E8000 series processor speeds are as fast as 3.33 GHz, bus speed up to 1,333 MHz with L2 cache as large as 6 Mbytes.

Core 2 Duo processors offer more features of Intel's advanced technology.

Common Features

Both processors are overclockable with motherboard support, though Pentium Dual seems preferred. A properly overclocked CPU will perform better.

Efficient power consumption on the desktop and especially with laptops is common to both processors.

Cautions

Look out when choosing an Intel E6300. Why? Because there is an E6300 Core 2 Duo and an E6300 Dual.

Both have the same bus speed of 1,066 MHz and 2 Mbytes of L2 cache. But the Pentium E6300 Dual---a newer, faster processor---is 2.8 GHz and the price is affordable. The Core 2 Duo E6300 speed is 1.86 GHz. Core 2 Duo E6300 is much older and you probably will get a great deal on one. Nevertheless, the Pentium Dual E6300 is the better and more advanced processor of the two.

Tags: Pentium Dual, Core E6300, compatible with, compatible with socket, Core processors, Mbytes speeds

Test The Computer Power Button

If your computer won't turn on, check the "Power" button on the case.

The "Power" button on your computer is an important, yet simple, part of the machine. It works like any other simple switch, providing a current path when it is pressed and blocking current flow when it is not pressed. If your computer refuses to turn on, you may need to test the "Power" button. Most "Power" buttons will still click and feel as though they are working even if they have failed. The best way to ensure that your "Power" button is working is to use a multimeter.

Instructions

1. Unplug your PC from the wall. Remove the computer case. Unscrew the screws in the back of the case or remove the plastic connectors that hold the case together; the exact method will vary depending on the type of computer case.

2. Disconnect all power and data cables from the motherboard. Draw a diagram to remember where each cable plugs in, if necessary.

3. Find the power switch at the front of the case. Remove it from the case by using a small screwdriver to pry loose the glue that is holding it on. Locate the leads that extend from the switch; there will be two or four leads.

4. Set the multimeter to test resistance. Connect one side of the multimeter to one lead and the other side to another lead. Note the resistance reported by the multimeter.

5. Press the switch. Watch for a drop in the resistance shown on the multimeter; a drop in resistance indicates a good switch.

Tags: Power button, your computer, computer case, drop resistance, when pressed

What Is Abit

Abit manufactured computer motherboards.

Abit once was a major supplier of computer motherboards and other components. After enjoying initial success, the company went out of business at the end of 2008.

Identification

Abit was a leading international supplier of high quality motherboards, in addition to graphic cards and other accessories. Over the years, it won industry design awards and was praised for its innovative products.

Technologies

Abit was known for a number of computer-related technologies. SoftMenu was used to boost PC performance by approximately 50 percent by changing the settings of a computer's central processing unit (CPU) completely through its basic input/output system (BIOS). Abit's OTES technology also was an important innovation that allowed for better cooling for video graphic arrays (VGA).

History

Abit began operations in the late 1980s and was successful throughout the 1990s. The Abit brand was sold to Universal Scientific Industrial in 2006 after questionable management processes forced the company to abandon its graphic cards business due to financial issues. Universal Scientific shut down the Abit business on Dec. 21, 2008.

Tags: business 2008, computer motherboards, graphic cards, Universal Scientific

Types Of Atx Motherboards

Types of ATX Motherboards

ATX (Advanced Technology Extended) is a computer industry specification directly applied to motherboards. Beyond its reference as a category of motherboard is also an indirect categorization of computer chassis and power supplies. The ATX specification is used by home computer builders, as well as industry-leading OEM system builders to ensure upgradability and compatibility. Due to the fact that the computer's motherboard is the foundation from which all computers are built, and by extension, the ATX specification, it is important that computer users have at least a general understanding of its details.

History

The ATX specification was set forth publicly by Intel Corp. in 1995. The ATX specification was released as a successor to the AT specification. The necessity for this action on Intel's part was that the AT form factor was significantly antiquated, and possessed several design flaws when coupled with the modern computer hardware of the time. Though Intel has subsequently released the BTX form factor, it has not taken hold as an industry-standard and as a corollary, the ATX specification continues to be updated and revised.

Function

ATX form factor is the governing specification concerning the motherboard's dimensions, electrical connectivity and I/O interface placement. The specifications govern acceptable power supplies, cases and the overall maximum size of hardware devices that can be installed on the motherboard. For example, the current ATX specification, revision 2.2, requires a 24 pin power connector, and is 12-by- 9.6 inches in dimension. The design also allows for further spacing between PCI-e interfaces on the motherboard to accommodate larger graphics cards which have come into use as of 2007.

Micro ATX

The micro ATX motherboard design is intended to be slim and small in stature. This form factor has a maximum dimension specification of 9.6-by-9.6 inches. However, there is no limit to how much smaller than this an ATX motherboard can be. Some models in this form factor can be found as small as 7-by-7 inches. This form factor is most prevalent with users who demand mobility from their computing solutions, and within integrated electronics such as GPS devices, digital cable boxes and HD TV recorders. These use scaled-down versions of the Micro ATX boards for their integrated microcontrollers.

ATX

The ATX form factor is the most common form factor within the ATX family. This form factor has a dimensional limitation of 12-by-9.6 inches and is seen in most tower desktop computers. The most recent revision to the ATX form factor came in 2004. This revision called for a higher quality power connector to be utilized by the ATX form factor in response to the ever-increasing power supply wattages, which pressed the previous standards to their thermal capacity.

Extended ATX

The extended ATX, or eATX, form factor was originally released as a workstation level motherboard specification. The physical dimensions of the motherboard could be 12-by-13 inches. This somewhat dramatic increase in size is due to the fact that enterprise level motherboards are required to house much more internal hardware than consumer level computers. Recently, however, there has been a higher consumer user demand for this form factor as technologies such as NVIDIA's SLI and ATI's Crossfire call for very large motherboards to accommodate two to four graphics cards, each two PCI slots in width.

Tags: form factor, fact that, factor most, form factor most, graphics cards, inches This

Update A Gigabyte P35ds3r Bios

The BIOS is stored on a chip mounted on the motherboard.

Getting the latest BIOS version for your Gigabyte P35 motherboard will ensure you full compatibility with all the latest hardware. The BIOS is the most basic set of instructions that tells the computer what to do right after it's powered on, helping it recognize the most basic hardware before any drivers are loaded. BIOS updates are usually released to fix bugs in previous versions, and add new features or compatibility with newer products. The easiest way to update the Gigabyte's P35 BIOS is by using Gigabyte's Q-Flash technology.

Instructions

1. Obtain the latest version of BIOS for your Gigabyte P35-DS3R motherboard. Go to Gigabyte's website and search for your motherboard model. Download the BIOS files.

2. Plug in your memory stick and format it by going to "My Computer," right-click on it and choose "Format." After the format is complete, copy the BIOS files to the memory stick.

3. Reboot your PC, and at the POST screen, press "End" to enter the Q-Flash utility.

4. Select the "Update BIOS from Drive" option and locate the BIOS files on your memory stick, then press "Enter" to start the BIOS update process.

5. Wait while your BIOS is updated. After the process is completed, which can take several minutes, a message will be displayed notifying you that the BIOS is updated.

Tags: BIOS files, memory stick, BIOS updated, compatibility with, most basic, your Gigabyte, your memory

Intel Pentium Dualcore T3400 Vs Intel Core 2 Duo T6400

The Pentium T3400 and Core 2 Duo T6400 are both dual-core processors.

Since the release of Intel's Core series processors, the Pentium brand is now a basic, entry-level package just above the Celeron in speed and features. However, like the Core 2 Duo T6400, the Pentium T3400 is a dual-core CPU.

Clock Speeds

Both the Pentium T3400 and the Core 2 Duo T6400 are dual-core processors. The Pentium T3400 runs at a slightly higher clock speed of 2.14 gigahertz (GHz) per core, while the Core 2 Duo T6400 runs at 2 GHz per core.

Bus Speeds

Despite the T3400's faster clock speed, the Core 2 Duo CPUs are better processors for a reason. The T6400 runs at a bus speed of 800 megahertz (MHz) in comparison to the T3400's lower 667 MHz.

Level 2 Cache Sizes

The Level 2 (L2) cache is a place where processors temporarily store information to be processed, speeding up performance and making them more efficient. The T3400 CPU's L2 cache size is 1 megabyte (MB), smaller than the T6400's 2 MB cache.

Socket Type

Both the T3400 and T6400 are mobile processors meant for laptops. They use socket P, a 478 pin socket type different from the socket 478 type used in older desktops.

Tags: Core T6400, Pentium T3400, clock speed, dual-core processors, Intel Core

Psp Black Vs Silver

When Sony's PlayStation Portable (PSP) debuted in 2005, it only came in one color: black. Since then, the PSP has come in a variety of colors, including white, lilac purple, red, blue and three versions of silver. These different versions of the silver PSP do not differ much from one another or from the black PSP, but they do have some important distinctions to consider when looking at purchasing one color over the other.

Versions

The PSP has had three incarnations thus far (not counting the PSP Go): the PSP-1000, PSP-2000 and PSP-3000. As black was the original color of the device, all three versions come in black. One of the colors of the PSP Go is also black. The silver color, on the other hand, did not arrive until the PSP-2000, so it is only available in the later two versions. As of 2009, the PSP Go will not come in a silver color.

Packaging

The silver PSP can only be purchased in bundle packs, meaning that the silver PSP is bundled along with a specific game and sold together. As such, the silver PSP costs roughly $30 to $40 more than a nonbundled system to compensate for the game purchase. Black PSPs can be bought either individually or in bundle packages.

Black PSP Bundle Packages

The bundle packages currently available for the black PSP are the Ratchet & Clank and Rock Band Unplugged bundles, which come with games of the same name. An Assassin's Creed bundle will release in November 2009 with the black PSP and the "Assassin's Creed" PSP game. All three PSPs in these packages are the PSP-3000 versions.

Silver PSP Bundle Packages

Three different silver PSP colors have been released and bundled with games. The Daxter PSP bundle included an ice silver PSP 2000 along with the game Daxter. The simply named silver PSP was packaged with a PSP-3000 and the Ratchet & Clank: Size Matters game. The mystic silver PSP was released with the Dissidia: Final Fantasy package and will be released with the Gran Turismo package in October. Both mystic silver PSPs are the 3000 version.

Special Silver PSPs

A special edition silver PSP was released in 2008 for the "Crisis Core: Final Fantasy VII" game release. The PSP featured a beautiful drawing of the Final Fantasy 10th anniversary logo on the back of the console. Unfortunately for United States fans, this edition was only released in Japan and Europe.

Tags: Final Fantasy, along with, Assassin Creed, mystic silver, Ratchet Clank, released with, silver color

Ibm T40 Motherboard Common Problems

The T40 ThinkPad is in IBM's T-series of laptops.

The ThinkPad laptop contains the T40 motherboard. A common problem with the IBM T40 is loose chips, which lose their connection to the motherboard. Resoldering is a quick fix.

Facts on IBM T40

The ThinkPad is a laptop computer that was once manufactured by IBM. IBM sold that PC group to Lenovo. IBM is however still involved in the marketing and support of the laptop.

Problems

The IBM T40 motherboard has a GPU problem and a FlewView display problem. To overcome the flex problem, which also caused the problem with the GPU video chip, the manufacturer had to reduce the motherboard flex and the physical location of the GPU to the edge of motherboard.

Considerations

Those that own a IBM ThinkPad T40 laptop and encounter the GPU problem should consider the GPU solder re-balling technique or reflow their laptop's motherboard, which simply means to re-solder the SMD chip to ensure there are no loose connections from the motherboard. If problems continue, the computer user may want to consider a motherboard replacement or contact Lenovo or IBM customer support for assistance.

Tags: ThinkPad laptop, problem with

Upgrade An Acer Aspire T690

The design of the Acer Aspire T690 desktop computer lends itself to many upgrades for improving the basic model purchased from your retailer. While increasing the RAM memory to its highest permitted level improves overall performance (according to motherboard specifications), you can dramatically upgrade the Acer T690 in more specific ways by adding new expansion slot cards.

Instructions

1. Determine which features to improve or add to your machine according to your desires and budget. The number of available open card slots limits the upgrades you can do in the long run: Plan for the most "bump" now and in the future.

2. Unplug all connecting cables and power cords outside the machine and remove the computer side cover. On most T690 models you'll see empty expansion slots on the lower left side of the motherboard. The top slot with the little "ear" on the right side is the PCI Express video card slot. A very short slot, the PCI Express x1 slot, may be located below the video card slot. Two or more longer slots---the PCI Express x16 slots---are below the PCIEx1 slot. Since the top slot is reserved for video, you can add only as many other new nonvideo devices as you have other available slots.

3. Acquire the new expansion card(s) after confirming the number and type of your available slots. Shop for cards at a local parts store or online for the best deals. Read the product descriptions carefully and select the correct card type for your available slots. The card must be compatible with your operating system as well.

4. Remove the screw securing your upgrade card's corresponding case slot cover and slide or punch out the cover. Holding the card by the edges only, carefully push the gold "toothed" edge of the card into the open slot until it seats firmly. Attach the new card to the bracket with the screw.

5. Plug any corresponding cables into the new card, not the old "on-board" ports. Plug in the power cable. Leave the side cover open and reboot your machine. Often Windows installs the necessary drivers automatically. If not, Windows will ask for the manufacturer's driver disk, which comes with your new product. Install the drivers and reboot the machine.

6. Shut down the T690 if no error messages occur, unplug the machine again, and close up the computer's side cover. Plug the cables back in and reboot.

Tags: available slots, side cover, Acer Aspire, Acer Aspire T690, Aspire T690, card slot, computer side

What Is Ghz In Computers

The Gigahertz (GHZ) is used to describe the speed of a computer processor. Today's computer processors a measured in Gigahertz, and typically range between 1 and 4 GHz.

History

The term gigahertz is derived from the term 'hertz,' which is named after Heinreich Hertz who studied electromagnetic radiation. Hertz' study of electric cycles led to the naming of hertz, which is the measurement of cycles per second.

Do the Math

The Hertz property is based around revolutions per second. One revolution in a second is one hertz. One thousand revolutions per second is a kilohertz. One million revolutions per second is a megahertz. Finally, one billion cycles per second is called a gigahertz.

Practical Application

It wasn't uncommon 10 years ago to see processors that were measured in megahertz. A person might see an ad for a Pentium 3 500 MHz, for example. Today's computers are measured in gigahertz. It is very common now to see computers that are 2 gigahertz, which means the processor completes 2 billion revolutions per second.

The Faster the Better

The higher the clock speed on a Central Processing Unit, the faster the computer will be. A CPU that spins 2 billion times (2 GHz) a second will be faster than one spinning 500 million times a second (500 MHz). When purchasing a computer, the higher the hertz, the faster the computer will always be.

Theories/Speculation

Terahertz processors are now being designed. Terahertz computers promise not only faster computing power, but will also be more efficient in power usage.

Tags: revolutions second, computer will, cycles second, faster computer, faster computer will, hertz which, times second

Signs & Symptoms Of A Bad Processor

The heart of a computer hardware system, the processor, also known as a CPU, manages and controls all information within a computer. The CPU processes information it receives from various hardware components and software programs and returns the answers to these queries. Since the processor plays such a vital role in the operation of a computer, when it goes bad it can cause an untold amount of problems.

Blue Screen of Death

The blue screen of death occurs on a Windows platform when one of three possible causes comes into play. Software and hardware conflicts can cause it, as well as bad memory. A third cause, a bad processor, can also cause a blue screen of death. Overclocking and faulty manufacturing may cause a processor to become faulty, especially if the computer's cooling systems have malfunctioned in the past. A computer only rarely displays a blue screen of death with a bad processor.

Failure to Boot

Computers with bad processors commonly don't boot at all, outlining the reason a blue screen of death may not appear. A computer requires a functioning CPU to turn on, meaning you won't even have the opportunity to access a computer's Basic Input/Output System directly. Often, you'll hear a series of beeps when attempting to start the computer. These beeps occur as a part of the computer's Power-On Self Test as way to notify you of the problem when nothing can display on the screen. Since every BIOS model gives different beeps for the same problems, check with your computer manufacturer's guide to decipher the tone and amount of beeps that your computer produces.

Fatal Exception Error

Another possible symptom of a bad processor lies in the fatal exception error, a warning message from your operating system that tells you something invalid or logically illegal has occurred within a program. Fatal exception errors occur from conflicts between programs, errors in programming code, computer overheating and hardware problems, such as a bad processor. Always examine a fatal exception error closely, as it warns you that something has gone seriously wrong.

Random Malfunctions

Not all symptoms of a faulty processor present themselves clearly. A malfunctioning processor can cause myriad problems, from individual hardware failures to minor annoyances. A sluggish computer can suggest a CPU failure just as well as a seemingly unrelated symptom, such as a malfunctioning sound component. Many of these other symptoms can masquerade as other hardware problems. For example, a malfunctioning processor might cause problems with the computer's display, which may cause you to incorrectly implicate a video card.

Tags: blue screen, blue screen death, screen death, cause processor, exception error

Update The Bios In A Toshiba Laptop

Update the BIOS in a Toshiba laptop to keep all components running smoothly.

Updating, or flashing, your computer's BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) is among the most feared maintenance you can perform on your computer. The BIOS is a small chip on which all your system's basic information is stored. This includes information about your keyboard controls, date and time information, and programming that lets the computer communicate with its processor. A BIOS update is usually performed by experienced computer repair technicians when a laptop's motherboard, or hardware is behaving erratically. If done incorrectly, a BIOS update can cause the hardware connected to your motherboard to stop working.

Instructions

1. Navigate to the Toshiba laptop support page (see Resources) from your preferred Web browser. Click on the "Download" link.

2. Select "Laptops" in the "Choose Category" column of the Downloads page. Select the type of Toshiba laptop you have. Select your laptop's exact model number in the "Choose Model" column of the page.

3. Locate the latest BIOS download on your laptop's download page. Each download is accompanied by the date each download was made available. Double-click on the BIOS update link, and then click on the "Run" button once the Windows security warning appears.

4. Click on the "Unzip" button followed by the "OK" button. Wait for the BIOS utility window to appear, and then close all other windows and applications except for the BIOS utility window.

5. Click on the "Install From Windows" button in the BIOS utility window. Click on the "OK" button to proceed with the BIOS update. This process may take a few minutes depending on your laptop's model.

6. Click on the "OK" button once the update is complete to exit the BIOS utility program.

Tags: BIOS update, BIOS utility, BIOS utility window, utility window, your laptop, button once

Update Phoenix Bios F 21

A computer BIOS is a non-volatile (meaning that it does not lose memory even when power shuts down) chip on your system motherboard. The BIOS contains information that helps the hardware and software work together on your computer. Occasionally, motherboard manufacturers release BIOS updates to fix errors and make the motherboard compatible with newer hardware and software. You can download and install these updates on your BIOS using a process called BIOS flashing. Previously, BIOS flashing required a floppy disk and floppy disk drive; however, newer BIOS technology allows you to flash the BIOS from within Windows.

Instructions

1. Open your browser and download the Softpaq BIOS updater package (see Resources). The Softpaq BIOS updater includes WinFlash and Phoenix BIOS version F.21 files. Save the file on your desktop.

2. Double-click the downloaded file on your desktop to launch the WinFlash BIOS utility. WinFlash allows you to flash the BIOS while in Windows.

3. Click "Next," then select "I accept the terms in the license agreement."

4. Click "Next." The WinFlash program will flash your BIOS to the F.21 Phoenix BIOS version. The computer will automatically restart once the process finishes.

Tags: allows flash, allows flash BIOS, BIOS flashing, BIOS updater, BIOS version

My Asus Motherboard Won'T Power Up

ASUS motherboards, like other boards, are susceptible to the same hardware issues as any other motherboard.

When putting together a desktop computer, the main piece of hardware that every other piece of hardware inside the computer connects to is the motherboard. When the motherboard fails to power on, your computer is crippled. This can be due to a few factors and the process of figuring out exactly what is wrong with the motherboard can go a long way towards finding a remedy. The process of checking what needs to be checked is relatively quick, often requiring little more than a few minutes.

Instructions

1. Connect the power supply cable securely to the motherboard. In addition to the 20-pin or 24-pin (depending on the particular ASUS motherboard) power connector that most almost all motherboards use, some have an additional 12-pin connectors that must be plugged in to the power supply. This connector is commonly located near the "rear" of the motherboard, by the expansion slots.

2. Check the cable leading into your PC's power supply for shorts. A short in the cord leading in to the power supply can cause disruptions, which can lead to the motherboard not receiving power. Swapping this cable out for another is an easy way to test this.

3. Check the power supply's voltage. On the rear of the power supply, near the power switch there will be a slider with numbers on it. Make sure that the smaller of the two numbers is what is shown, as the larger number, which is the higher voltage, can burn out your motherboard. On the flipside, if the smaller number does nothing switch to the larger to see if your motherboard needs more power. Most ASUS boards require between 105-115V of electricity.

4. Replace the motherboard battery. The motherboard battery, which feeds the BIOS and internal clock, is a vital component to the motherboard and if it fails, your motherboard may fail to power on at all. Swapping it out with another ASUS motherboard battery, which you will have to either request from ASUS or order from a supplier, may fix your power issues.

Tags: power supply, motherboard battery, your motherboard, ASUS motherboard, battery which, motherboard battery which

The Components Of A Baby Atx Motherboard

The baby ATX motherboard technology is obsolete, as of October 2010. It has been replaced by the mini-ATX motherboard, a compact version (about 11.2 inches by 8.2 inches) of the standard ATX motherboard common in most full-sized computers. It is mainly intended for use in mini-PCs. A mini-ATX motherboard typically has the same host of integrated components as a standard motherboard but may offer less space for memory and extra input/output devices. A mini-ATX motherboard is compatible with all standard components and devices.

Chipset

The chipset is what controls data transfer between the various computer components (i.e., processor, RAM, expansion cards) and is a necessary component on all mini-ATX motherboards. The chipset is a crucial component in determining system performance. Some chipsets include integrated graphics and/or audio chips so that an additional graphics or sound card is not necessary.

Socket

All mini-ATX motherboards contain a socket(s) to house the computer's microprocessor(s). The socket usually is a rectangular slot on the motherboard that allows a space to securely mount the processor to the motherboard.

Random Access Memory Connectors

Mini-ATX boards contain one or more RAM connector slots where RAM sticks are to be inserted. RAM stores data for fast access by the central processing unit (CPU) while the computer is running and is a vital component for any computer system.

BIOS and CMOS

The basic input/output system (BIOS) is a program that works to communicate between the operating system (such as Windows 7) and the motherboard. The BIOS is stored on a chip integrated into every mini-ATX motherboard. The complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) saves crucial system information such as time, date, system settings and necessary information about installed hardware. The CMOS is integrated into the motherboard next to a small battery that powers it.

Expansion Slots

Mini-ATX motherboards contain one accelerated graphics port (AGP) slot and four peripheral component interconnect (PCI) slots that accept expansion cards. AGP cards typically are used for graphics accelerator cards. PCI supports many devices, such as sound, Ethernet and hard drive controller cards.

Input/Output Connectors

Input/output connectors are located at the rear of any mini-ATX motherboard. Most motherboards contain multiple connectors, such as serial (for older keyboards and other devices), parallel (for older printers), USB (for newer devices), VGA (for monitors), RJ-45 (for the Ethernet cable) and audio (for headphones, speakers or microphones) ports.

Tags: mini-ATX motherboard, motherboards contain, expansion cards, integrated into, mini-ATX motherboards, standard motherboard

Reasons To Add More Computer Ram

RAM is a vital component inside your computer.

RAM, or random access memory, is a hardware component in your computer. RAM is responsible for storing data needed for the central processing unit, also called the CPU or processor, so it can carry out its computations. RAM holds both information the system anticipates the CPU will need next as well as data the CPU places there for momentary storage. I you have insufficient RAM, the RAM can't keep up with the CPU's need for data and the CPU can't do its job as fast because it's waiting. The RAM moves data it can't hold on and off the hard drive, which bogs down the system' functioning because the drive is slower than the RAM and CPU. If there's enough RAM, everything the CPU needs can be kept there, the RAM keeps up with the CPU, and the CPU can keep the computer running smoothly. Adding RAM to your computer is a common upgrade, and several reasons exist for adding RAM to your computer.

Running Many Applications

If your computer lags or freezes frequently, adding more RAM can speed up your computer. This is especially true if you are a multitasker on your computer. For example, if you like to have a Web browser, word processing application, email application and digital music player open at the same time, your computing habits may require more RAM.

Processing Graphics-Heavy Data

Any work that you do on your computer that involves advanced graphics relies heavily on two computer components: the video card and RAM. For example, if you edit video, design graphics in a graphic design application, play graphics-heavy video games or edit photographs, adding more RAM may be beneficial to you. Even if you have a high-quality video card, if your computer doesn't have sufficient RAM, graphics will take a long time to process.

Enhancing Your Internet Browsing Experience

The Internet offers many different kinds of data. For example, when surfing the Web, you may encounter high-definition video data, high-resolution images and high-quality audio data. All of these kinds of data rely on RAM to process quickly. Even if you have a high speed Internet connection, your computer still may take a long time to load certain websites if you don't have enough RAM. Therefore, if you want to speed up your Internet browsing experience, RAM may be your answer.

Tags: your computer, adding more, Even have, kinds data, long time, speed your, take long

Intel Conroe Core 6600 Vs 6600 Quad Core

The Intel Conroe Core 6600 and 6600 Quad Core refer to the Intel Core 2 Duo E6600, which is codenamed "Conroe"; and the Intel Core 2 Quad Q6600. Both belong to the Core 2 brand of desktop and laptop processors, or central processor units, from semiconductor company Intel Corp. Debuting in 2006 and 2007, respectively, the E6600 and Q6600 are alike in many respects, although their membership in different divisions in the Core 2 family results in a few distinguishing factors.

Cores, Manufacture and Socket

The Intel Core 2 Duo E6600 is named after its dual-core design, which means that it has two processing units. The Q6600 belongs to the Core 2 division --- the Core 2 Quad --- that contains quad-core chips. This makes the Q6600 twice as powerful as the E6600. Both CPUs, however, use the 65-nanometer manufacturing process; thus, they share the same 37.5-square millimeter package size.

Speeds and Socket

The Intel Core 2 Duo E6600 and Intel Core 2 Quad Q6600 have a 2.4-GHz processing speed and 1,066-MHz data transfer speed. For enabling the latter, Intel manufactured them for fitting on Land Grid Array 775, or Socket T. This is a CPU socket that connects the processor with the motherboard for data transfer, as well provides physical support and protection from potential damage.

Cache and Power Consumption

Each Intel Core 2 Duo E6600 and Intel Core 2 Quad Q6600 has two caches --- a Level 1 cache and Level 2 cache --- which function as components for the processor to access computer data in a faster way than going for the system memory. Intel Corp. lists the storage capacity of the L2 cache as 4 MB for the E6600 and 8 MB for the Q6600. The E6600, however, consumes up to 65 watts in power, which makes it more energy efficient than the Q6600 at 105 W.

Technologies

Both Intel Core 2 Duo E6600 and Intel Core 2 Quad Q6600 are 64-bit processors, meaning that they can handle data sizes of up to 64 bits. Also included on each CPU are SpeedStep for increasing performance while conserving power, virtualization for multiple operating systems sharing CPU resources ,and execute disable bit for protection against viruses and malicious-code attacks.

Tags: Intel Core, Core E6600, Core Quad, Intel Core E6600, Core Quad Q6600, Intel Core Quad, Quad Q6600

Vizio Tv Power Problems

Vizio power problems can damage the television.

Vizio provides high quality television products with cost effective pricing. They manufacture many flat panel televisions including plasma and LCD. Vizio televisions, like many electronics, are susceptible to a variety of issues and malfunctions with their power supplies.

Problems

Surge damage and overheating are common power-related problems with Vizio televisions. They interrupt the television usage in unstable ways.

Causes

Surge damage can disrupt the power supply and can trip an automatic protection response that prevents the television from turning back on. Overheating can cause the television to shut off during use.

Prevention/Solution

A surge protector or power center can protect the television from surge damage. Placing the television in a well ventilated area and occasionally cleaning the ventilation openings can help keep the television cool to avoid overheating. Once overheated, the television may need to be reset. Unplug the set and then let it cool before using it again.

Tags: Surge damage, television from, Vizio televisions

What You Need To Build A Gaming Computer

While you can get gaming laptops, PCs are cheaper and easier to build yourself.

Gaming PCs are high specification machines that are powerful enough to run the latest video games. There are many options to consider when building a gaming computer as there are thousands of different hardware combinations that can do the job.

Budget

It is important to set a budget and then shop for parts you can get in your price range. You should be able to build a gaming machine with good specifications starting at around $650.

Processor

You will need a powerful processor to play the latest games, with the two major manufacturers in this field being Intel and AMD. The Intel Core i5 and Core i7 are popular gaming processors at the moment, and AMD offers an alternative with its Phenom X4 models.

Motherboard

The motherboard is the hub of a computer's internal components and is where everything is connected. Most motherboards will support only one type of processor (CPU), so make sure the one you choose will match up with your processor. Motherboard makers specify which processors their boards are capable with. Also consider getting a board that will have the number of USB ports you desire and enough PCI Express slots for graphics, sound and other add-on cards.

RAM

Make sure the RAM, or random access memory, you buy is compatible with your motherboard. It should be the DDR2 or DDR3 type. Ideally you want as much RAM as possible to run demanding games, with 1 to 2 gigabytes being the minimum and at least four being the recommended.

Graphics Card

This will produce all of the game's graphics and so is an important component. Getting a PCI Express compatible card will mean you can put in additional graphics cards of the same model and link them to produce even more power. It is recommended that you buy the best graphics card you can afford within your budget.

Other Components

The other parts that you will need to build the gaming PC are typical of all computers. They include a hard drive, DVD drive and a case to house all of them.

Tags: games with, that will, will need, with your

The Difference Between A Motherboard & Processor

The motherboard and processor (also known as CPU or central processing unit) are two vital components of a computer. Both of these components function in different ways, but together they make up the foundation of every computer.

Motherboard

A motherboard is a series of circuits printed on a board that allow a computer's processor, RAM and other components to communicate with each other to provide a computer with functionality.

Processor

A processor is essentially the brain of a computer. It takes in the information that is given by a program or process on your computer, and sends back information to determine what the computer should do.

Warning

Not all motherboards and processors are compatible. Since motherboards come in different sizes and socket types, you must have a compatible processor that matches the socket type of the motherboard, in order for the two components to function properly together.

Tags: components function

Test A Power Supply Without A Pc

The main power supply connector for a motherboard has either 20 or 24 separate pins.

Power supply testers offer a full range of diagnostics for each voltage normally supplied by computer power supplies and they do not require a computer. Testing for +12 volts, -12 volts, +5 volts, -5 volts (if present) and +3.3 volts can be accomplished with one simple device in a few minutes. Learn use these safe, efficient testing devices to troubleshoot and diagnose computer power supplies for basic functionality and the ability to supply power.

Instructions

1. Plug the large 20-pin or 24-pin motherboard power lead to the matching socket on the power supply tester, making sure to plug it in until the plastic retaining tab locks into place on the unit.

2. Connect any one of the large hard drive connectors into the matching socket on the tester.

3. Plug the power cord into the back of the power supply unit and then plug the cord into a wall outlet.

4. Read the LCD or LED display on the tester to determine whether the particular cable plugged into the tester is producing a reliable voltage. Refer to the user manual or manufacturer's website for particular instructions and directions for interpreting the results.

5. Disconnect the power cable from the wall and remove the cable being tested. Leave the main 20-pin or 24-pin motherboard power connector attached.

6. Connect a second peripheral power supply lead to the tester and repeat the testing cycle, powering down the unit after each test. Repeat this for each connector on the power supply.

Tags: power supply, volts volts, 20-pin 24-pin, 20-pin 24-pin motherboard, 24-pin motherboard

The Best Laptop To Buy On A Budget

Your choice in a laptop should be carefully thought out since the laptop you invest in will be the laptop you will want to stay with for a long time, even as technology improves and new laptops hit the market. Choosing a laptop may be difficult, but there are only a few things you really have to be aware of.

Battery Life

If you feel that you will constantly find yourself in a place where there are no outlets and need a laptop that will last you a long time, you should look for a laptop with long battery life. One of the key things people miss when they are making a decision over a laptop to buy is the amount of time it will last without needing to be recharged. A good battery life is somewhere around two to three hours. If you really want a laptop but it has a low battery life, you can extend the amount of time the laptop will remain on by lowering the power settings and purchasing another battery.

Processing Power

For your computer to function properly, it needs the right amount of processing power to handle your applications. If you are planning on using the laptop for highly demanding applications, you should not get a computer with a single-core processor. Try looking for something affordable with multiple cores (two is normally recommended, although you can go for four if you really want a computer with muscle). Remember that the more cores the processor of the laptop has, and the more recent the architecture, the more expensive the laptop will get. The processor is one of the most expensive pieces in any computer.

Capacity

Your laptop's storage capacity essentially tells you how much space you have to stretch your limits. Consider that the hard drive of a laptop is not as easy and inexpensive to upgrade as that of a desktop computer. With this in mind, you might want to spend the extra money in a laptop that has the specifications you want with a higher hard drive capacity. If you ever run out of space, you can always carry around an external hard drive for storage. However, such hard drives just add more bulk to your briefcase. It is better to have a laptop that has everything you want right inside it without needing added help.

Memory

Your laptop's speed not only depends on what processor it has but also on how much strain it has to place on the page file in the hard drive. The more memory you have, the less your computer will have to use the hard drive to store its temporary memory. This is particularly important if you do not want to wait a long time for a program to load when it is needed urgently, such as a program that allows you to enter a conference that is scheduled for a specific hour. The kind of memory the laptop has also plays an important role in how fast your computer operates. For example, laptops with DDR memory will operate slower than those with DDR2 memory.

Tags: hard drive, battery life, laptop that, laptop will, long time, your computer

The Best Cpu Coolers

Find the best cooling systems for your CPU.

CPU coolers are pieces of hardware that cool down the heat-generating components inside computers, keeping them running within operational parameters. A quality CPU cooler will keep your computer running smoothly for years. Generally, CPU coolers are made of either copper or aluminum. Copper is more costly, but also provides better cooling in most cases. With the wide variety of high-quality CPU coolers from which to choose, it is hard to go wrong.

3R-System IceAge Prima Boss-II

Made in Korea, this worldwide seller is not well known in America. Weighing in at just under two pounds, the sleek Prima Boss-II model boasts five heatpipes, a newly added heatsink--a heat dissipating component--and supports two 120 millimeter (mm) fans, making its cooling capabilities superior to previous models. It is compatible with both Intel and AMD processors and costs approximately $50 as of November 2010.

Noctua NH-D14 CPU Cooler

This model is known for its incredibly efficient and impressively quiet cooling system. The NH-D14 boasts a six heatpipe dual radiator system, which allows for better heat distribution--not to mention airflow efficiency--than conventional tower-style heatsinks. Most notable is this model's dual fan setup, featuring Noctua's award-winning fans: the 120mm NF-P12 and the 140mm NF-P14. With 150,000 hours of life, this model is a steal at $79.99 as of November 2010.

Scythe Katana 3 SCKTN-3000 CPU Cooler

There are several perks to the Katana 3. First, no tools are needed to install it and it comes with easy-to-use mounting brackets that make installation quick and painless. Another of the Katana 3's perks is its size. Weighing in at fewer than 500 grams (g), it is light, small and does not present any size difficulties like some larger, bulkier models. Finally, the Katana 3's price--$29.99 as of November 2010--is unbeatable given its efficiency.

Tags: November 2010, Prima Boss-II, this model

The Specifications For A Geforce 9400 Gt

A video card eases the burden on you CPU.

NVIDIA released the GeForce 9400 GT in August of 2008. According to the company, the video card's PureVideo engine displays vivid photos and plays high definition video without stuttering. It performs twice as well as a comparable card from the company's 8-series of GPUs.

Engine Specifications

The GPU contains 16 CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture) cores, which means it includes two streaming multiprocessors. The processor clocks at 1.4 gigahertz, clocking in graphics at 550 megahertz. It fills 4.4 billion textures per second.

Memory Specifications

The card contains 512 megabytes of video memory running at 400 megahertz. It offers a memory bandwidth of 12.8 gigabytes per second.

Feature Support

GeForce 9400 supports Microsoft DirectX 10 and OpenGL 2.1. It offers NVIDIA CUDA technology and high-definition NVIDIA PureVideo technology. It works with Windows 7.

Display Support

The card offers a maximum resolution of 2560 by 1600 and a maximum VGA resolution of 2048 by 1536. It contains two DVI ports, so it supports dual monitors, and an adapter lets it support HDMI.

Thermal Specifications

The graphics processor consumes a maximum of 50 watts, so NVIDIA recommends a minimum system power of 300 watts. It reaches a maximum temperature of 105 degrees Celsius.

Size

GeForce 9400 occupies a single graphics card slot. It measures 4.376 inches by 6.6 inches.

Tags: GeForce 9400, maximum resolution, video card

What Are The Merits And Demerits Of The Critical Path Model

Events sequencing is critical to development of a Critical Path Model (CPM).

The Critical Path Model (CPM) refers to the logical sequencing of events in a bid to determine the most efficient way to accomplish project goals. Developed in the 1950s, CPM acknowledges that the successful completion of a project requires a careful sequencing of activities and a determination of the time necessary to complete each. When CPM is used, both time and resources are saved as the most efficient route is followed.

Merits of CPM: Resource Allocation

CPM helps in project planning and gives project managers a reasonable estimate of the problems they are likely to experience in the course of the project. This helps managers not only allocate resources in a prudent manner but also helps them prepare contingency plans.

Merit: Scheduling and Long-Term Planning

When CPM is used, long-term planning is possible as all members of a team are involved in the scheduling of activities. This helps the team identify processes that are likely to cause duplicity and generally helps achieve cost-effectiveness. The result is that an accurate understanding of the project is achieved by the team. CPM helps in identifying potential long-term risks right at the commencement of a project.

Demerits of CPM: Unpredictability of Some Processes

One assumption under CPM is that project managers and their teams are well aware of the various activities in a project and that they are in a position to predict the sequence of events with a reasonable degree of accuracy. In real life, however, this is hardly the case and many factors influencing a project are not only unpredictable but also beyond the control of the team.

Demerit: Evolution of Paths

CPM also operates on the assumption that once a path has been identified, it will remain unchanged till the end of project. However, critical paths evolve as the project progresses and the result is that new paths have to be developed as the project progresses. When there are many activities in a project, there is always the risk that a mistake could be made in the development of the critical path. This ultimately means the team has to keep reviewing the critical path diagram created at the commencement of the project.

The merits of CPM far outweigh its demerits and is a great aid to project managers.

Tags: Critical Path Model, Path Model, project managers, activities project, commencement project, Critical Path

What Motherboard Has Serial Com1 Db9

A motherboard might require an add-on DB9 port and ribbon cable.

Although most new computers lack 9-pin serial ports, it's not hard to find new or old motherboards that include them. Many feature a built-in DB9 port, others have pins that can communicate on COM1 through an add-on DB9 connector.

Modern Motherboards

Some companies still make new, modern motherboards with serial capability. For example, the Super Micro P4SCi Pentium IV motherboard features two high-speed serial ports. It has some of the other older-style connectors as well.

Single Board Computers

The single board computer industry offers another source of new motherboard products with DB9 serial ports. JK Microsystems produces a single-board 386 called the Flashlite 386Ex. It features serial ports for both the COM1 and COM2 channels.

Older Motherboards

Many older motherboard models included DB9 serial ports for COM1, and sometimes COM2, starting in the late 1980s. Two examples are the Itox GIF15 and GIF15-PMC; both have at least one DB9 serial port. They support processors with speeds up to one gigahertz.

Tags: serial ports, with serial

What Type Of Video Card Fits In An Emachine

Upgrade the graphics card in an eMachines computer.

Most eMachines computers have integrated video cards on the PC's motherboard, which reduces manufacturing costs and allows a lower price. However, eMachines computers are upgradeable to a faster, dedicated video card to increase the PC's graphics performance level.

AGP

Computers produced by eMachines before 2007 may have an AGP slot on the motherboard for a dedicated graphics card. Most of these slots accept either an AGP 4x or an AGP 8x video card. New AGP video cards are still available for purchase as of 2010, but they are obsolete and becoming harder to find.

PCI-E

Computers made by eMachines after 2007 may have a PCI-E x16 slot on the motherboard. PCI-Express video cards are the latest technology as of 2010 and offer the best performance for a dedicated video card.

PCI

All eMachines computers are upgradeable to a PCI video card, regardless of the computer type or generation. Many dedicated graphics card manufacturers offer PCI versions of their video cards for those computers lacking PCI-E or AGP slots on the motherboard.

Tags: video card, video cards, eMachines computers, graphics card, 2007 have, card eMachines, computers upgradeable

What Is The Difference Between Socket 478 & Socket 754

CPUs from different manufacturers use different motherboard sockets

Socket 478 and Socket 754 are processor sockets designed for different computer motherboard architectures. Socket 478 is designed for Intel motherboards and Socket 754 is for AMD technology.

Background

Computer motherboards include a socket where the central processing unit (CPU) is inserted. Motherboards are designed to be compatible with either Intel or AMD processor ranges, each of which uses different processor designs, with a different number of pins on the processor chip itself. When choosing a processor, ensure that you buy something suitable for the motherboard socket you have available.

Compatibility

The Intel-compatible Socket 478 design supports single-core Intel Celeron and Pentium 4 chips, ranging from the 1.5 GHz Celeron to the 3.4 GHz Pentium 4 Extreme Edition.

The AMD-compatible Socket 754 design supports AMD Sempron and Athlon chips, ranging in speeds from 1,400 MHz to 2,600 MHz.

Suggestion

There is a huge selection of different motherboards and processors available. Always ensure you thoroughly research compatibility before making a purchase.

Tags: Celeron Pentium, chips ranging, design supports, Socket design, Socket design supports, Socket Socket

Media Processor Hardware Installation

You will install most media processor hardware in a PCI-e slot.

Installing the media processor in your computer (i.e. the graphics processor -- which is responsible for displaying media on your computer) requires installing a graphics card. The card is typically installed in either an AGP slot (on older computers) or a PCI-e slot (all new computers sold as of February, 2011, use PCI-e slots). In both cases, the process shouldn't take more than a few minutes of your time, though it will require opening up your computer.

Instructions

1. Unplug everything from your computer and rest the case on a table or other flat surface. Touch the metal part of the computer case to ground yourself against static electricity.

2. Remove the two screws on the right side of your computer case (note that some computers have a latch instead; if the screws are not standard Phillips head screws or thumb screws, look for a latch). Slide the cover off the side of your computer.

3. Locate the AGP or PCI-e slot on your computer. Most computers have just one, which is slightly offset from the other slots.

4. Position the graphics card with your media processor over the slot with the back of the card (where the silver piece with the plugs is) facing the back of the computer. Push down until the card will not go down any farther.

5. Secure the card in place with a small screw. Replace the cover on the side of the computer and then replace the screws. Plug everything back in.

Tags: your computer, media processor, PCI-e slot, computer case, computers have, cover side, graphics card

Pentium D Vs Core 2 Duo Benchmark

The CPU is the heart of the computer.

The speed of the central processing unit is a major factor in the total speed of a computer system. CPU speed is determined by a series of tests in which the CPU processes different types of data and the times are noted. This testing results in a benchmark which allows the comparison of two or more CPUs.

Intel Pentium D

Using Passmark Software's tests, the Pentium D 2.66 GHz is the slowest CPU with a benchmark of 674. The Pentium D 2.80 GHz is somewhat faster with a benchmark of 737 while the Pentium D 3.20 GHz is faster yet with a benchmark of 882. The fastest Pentium Ds however, are the Pentium D 3.40 GHz with a benchmark of 922 and the Pentium D 3.60 GHz with a benchmark of 1,004.

Intel Core 2 Duo

There are more than 20 versions of the Core 2 Duo CPU offered by Intel. Comparing the four closest to the Pentium D above, the Passmark tests show that the Core2 Duo U7700 1.33 GHz is the slowest with a benchmark of 743. The Core2 Duo T5300 1.73 GHz is faster with a benchmark of 882 while the Core2 Duo T5500 1.66 GHz is faster yet with a benchmark of 920. The fastest of them all, however is the Core2 Duo T5550 1.83 GHz with a benchmark of 1,010.

Significance

These benchmarks indicate that the Intel Core2 Duo line of processors is generally faster at most computing tasks than the Pentium D line of processors.

Other Considerations

The Pentium D was Intel's first attempt at Dual core processors. The Core2 Duo is the successor to the Pentium D built on a totally different architecture. Other points to consider would be the CPU's operating temperature and overall efficiency.

Tags: with benchmark, faster with, faster with benchmark, benchmark fastest, benchmark Pentium, benchmark while

The Best Places To Find A Dell Motherboard Replacement

Because Dell uses a lot of proprietary components in their computers, having to replace a motherboard inside of a Dell computer can be an arduous task. If you are a happy Dell user, however, or simply do not want to go through the trouble of buying or building a new computer, there are several options for finding a replacement Dell motherboard.

Dell

The most obvious choice to look for a replacement Dell motherboard is Dell itself. Dell's official website has a store where they offer dozens of different motherboard models by several manufacturers. While the selection may be a bit small and the prices somewhat high when compared to other outlets, these motherboards are guaranteed to work out of the box and are accompanied by a three-year Dell warranty. That means that if something goes wrong within three years of purchase, you can send the motherboard back to Dell and they will either repair it or replace it for you.

Computer Supply Stores

Brick-and-mortar computer supply and repair stores are an excellent place to look for a replacement Dell motherboard. Many computer supply stores have a wide selection of motherboards to choose from, including Dell motherboards. In addition to the large selection already available, these stores will usually custom-order a particular motherboard if they don't have it in stock. Most stores do require that you pay for the motherboard, as well as a small fee for the order, in advance of placing the order.

Online Retailers

If you are looking for a replacement Dell motherboard and simply will not settle for anything other than exactly what you want, online retailers are your best bet to find Dell motherboards. Online electronics retailers like NewEgg and Buy have a large selection of motherboards, both Dell and otherwise, at discount prices. If you cannot find what you are looking for with any retailer, you can always use auction sites like eBay to search for exactly what you want and, with good timing and a little luck, save a lot of money.

Tags: replacement Dell, replacement Dell motherboard, Dell motherboard, computer supply, Dell motherboard Dell, Dell motherboards, exactly what

Intel S3000ah Motherboard Specifications

Server motherboards provide features that regular motherboards do not.

The Intel S3000AH motherboard is designed for use in network servers. This particular board is an entry level motherboard that features modestly advanced hardware. The S3000AH supports a variety of Intel processors and includes support for dual-core processors. This board also provides enhanced LED functionality that is used to display diagnostic information related to the Power On Self-Test that runs every time the S3000AH is booted. This motherboard also provides four-pin headers for four system fans and one processor mounted fan.

System Memory

The Intel S3000AH Server Motherboard has 4 DDR2 memory slots capable of holding up to 8 gigabytes of RAM. This board only supports DIMM modules rated at 533 or 667 megahertz. Using memory modules rated at 667 MHz this board can attains speeds of 4.2 GB/s per data channel or 8.4 GB/s when in dual channel mode. The S3000AH has two DDR2 data channels capable of supporting two pairs of RAM modules that are either 256 MB, 512 MB, 1 GB or 2 GB in size.

Supported Processors

The S3000AH supports a plethora of processors from Intel. According to the Intel's Technical Product Specification Sheet, the S3000AH includes support for: Xeon 3000 and 3200 series processors, Pentium D, Pentium Extreme, Pentium 4 and LGA775 Celeron D processors. This motherboard also supports processors using dual-core technology, hyper-threading and Intel Extended Memory System 64 Technology which is also known as Intel EM64T.

Data Ports

The S3000AH motherboard also provides users with two kinds of data ports to facilitate server operations. One of the two types of ports includes a pair of rear-panel USB 2.0 ports. These ports are counterbalanced by a second pair of USB 2.0 headers that allows the user to add a second pair of USB 2.0 ports to the front panel. The second type of data port included with this motherboard is a 24-pin SSI connector mounted on the front panel. This type of port is commonly used to communicate with industrial or commercial equipment.

Storage

The Intel S3000AH motherboard supports up to four drives using the Serial ATA standard and two drives using the ATA-100 standard on a single IDE cable. The 4 Serial ATA drives support transfer rates of up to 3.0 GB/s on each of the four ports provided on the motherboard. This motherboard also provides an on-board RAID controller for users that want to put their hard drives into a RAID configuration.

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The Advantages Of A Good Credit Score

A high credit score can make getting a loan easier.

According to the Home Buying Institute, millions of Americans have a low or bad credit score. A low credit score can cause many problems for the average consumer, as it can make seemingly simple tasks like borrowing money from a lender or applying for a credit card nearly impossible. Having a good credit score offers many advantages to consumers, and can open up many financial doors and opportunities for those who have it.

Lower Interest Rates

Consumers with high credit scores are generally offered lower annual interest rates on their existing credit cards. This is an extreme advantage for people who use their credit cards on a regular basis for bills or other regular purchases such as gasoline or groceries. A lower interest rate basically translates to more money for less, as you will not be charged nearly as many interest fees as you would with a high interest rate.

Higher Credit Limit

Like lower interest rates, higher credit limits are generally granted to consumers with good credit. This means you will have a higher available balance on your existing credit cards, allowing you to charge more to the card. A higher credit limit can be useful in the event of an emergency or if there is a large purchase that you cannot pay in full at the time.

Easy Access to Loans

Having a good credit score will make applying for an auto, home or personal loan a much easier experience, as lenders are more inclined to loan to you if your credit reflects an excellent payment history. Not only does good credit make it easier to get a loan, it also will lower the interest rates on your loans and increase the money available to you from lenders.

Lower Insurance Rates

Insurance companies take your credit score into consideration when setting your rates, so a good credit score will lower the cost of your auto or home insurance. A lower insurance rate will save you money, giving you the most coverage for the least cost.

Employment

While not all employers will check an applicant's credit history, some may as part of their screening process when deciding who to hire. An applicant with poor credit may not look as responsible to a potential employer as an applicant with good credit. A good credit score will ensure you are not turned down for job opportunities as a result of your credit history.

Tags: good credit, credit score, credit score, good credit score, credit cards, credit score will, interest rates

What Motherboard Will Fit In A Compaq 5240

Motherboard compatibility is determined by chipset and available slots as well as form factor.

The Compaq Presario 5240 desktop PC is no longer manufactured. Produced by Compaq in 1998, it was sold as a high-end computer with newly introduced hardware such as AMD's then new AMD K6 3D processor.

Motherboard Size

Any motherboard will work in the Compaq Presario 5240 as long as it is the right form-factor, advanced technology extended (ATX). Motherboards come in different shapes and sizes designed to fit within the confines of various size computer towers. The Presario 5240 contains an ATX form factor motherboard and is designed to fit this size motherboard.

Component Compatibility

If you only want to upgrade the motherboard and want the existing components within the Compaq Presario 5240 to be compatible with it, a specific motherboard must be used. Use a Socket 7 motherboard to remain compatible with the existing processor, and make sure it has an accelerated graphics port (AGP) slot for the stock video card. Integrated device electronics (IDE) slots will be necessary for the hard drive.

Motherboard Compatibility

To make sure there are no basic input/output system (BIOS) conflicts and a motherboard will function in the Compaq Presario 5240, reformat your hard drive before upgrading the motherboard.

Tags: Presario 5240, Compaq Presario, Compaq Presario 5240, compatible with, form factor, hard drive

Troubleshoot & Repair A Computer Motherboard

Motherboards issues are very difficult to diagnose.

Computer motherboards are not extremely expensive, but they are one of the most important parts of any computer, because everything is connected to the motherboard. Therefore troubleshooting a motherboard can be complex. When you think you have a motherboard issue, you must do some investigative troubleshooting to make sure you know that it is the problem.

Instructions

1. Open the computer case and make sure everything is connected completely. Loose connections, especially with RAM and video cards, can cause your motherboard to not function correctly.

2. Swap out the processor with a similar processor. Remove the CPU fan and the CPU and put a known-working CPU in the motherboard and test the computer. A bad processor can seem like a motherboard problem.

3. Solder any obviously loose parts or connections on the motherboard. Only do this if you are skilled at soldering and know what has come loose. The easiest solution in terms of time for a malfunctioning motherboard is to replace it, because they are not expensive and are usually too complex for the average computer user to diagnose and repair.

Tags: everything connected, make sure

What Is Acpi In Bios

A motherboard BIOS governs all input and output signals in a computer.

Installed on every computer's motherboard is a chip containing a BIOS (Basic Input/Output System). This system controls the way the motherboard operates. ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface) is the leading standard for power management operations in the BIOS.

History

In 1999 a group of electronics manufacturers consisting of Hewlett-Packard, Intel, Microsoft, Phoenix and Toshiba created the ACPI standard as a way of unifying existing BIOS code that previously had been handled by multiple processes.

Features

The ACPI standard gives a computer operating system control of the power settings. This makes possible features such as "Plug and Play" and sleep mode. ACPI also allows a computer to provide individual components with less power when they are not in use.

Updates

The ACPI 4.0 specifications released in 2009 added several major features. These included support for USB 3.0, which allows data transfer at up to 5 gigabits per second, and logical processor idling, for increased power savings.

Tags: ACPI standard