What Is The Difference Between The Pentium D & Core 2 Duo

Pentium D and Core 2 Duo are two families of dual-core processors that are made by Intel Corp. Both families are made up of several models that differ in specifications.

History

The first member of the Pentium D family was introduced by Intel in 2005. The Core 2 Duo family was introduced a year later, in 2006.

Pentium D

The Pentium D family consists of 13 models. The processing speeds (the amount of cycles per second a processor can accomplish) of the Pentium D are superior to those of Core 2 Duo family, with speeds that range from 2667 MHz (model 805) to 3600 MHz (model 960). Generally, faster processing speeds provide computer users with faster performance. Compared to the Core 2 Duo, the Pentium D consists of models that are inferior in bus speed (the rate at which data transfer is allowed between a processor and RAM), with speeds of 533 MHz or 800 MHz. The Pentium D also falls behind in L2 cache sizes, with capabilities of 2048 kilobytes and 4096 kilobytes. Core 2 Duo shares the same socket type of the Pentium D, Socket 775.

Core 2 Duo

The Core 2 Duo family has 29 models that range in processing speeds from 1600 MHz to 3333 MHz. The Core 2 Duo has bus speeds of 800 MHz, 1066 MHz, and 1333 MHz. They also have L2 cache sizes of 2048, 3072, 4096 and 6144. The Core 2 Duo family requires less wattage (power) than the Pentium D. All models require 65 watts, compared to the 95- or 130-watt requirement of the Pentium D.

Tags: Core family, models that, processing speeds, cache sizes, consists models, family introduced, Pentium Core

Update An Hp Bios

You should check for BIOS updates if you are having major computer problems

BIOS stands for Basic Input/Output System. The BIOS controls your computer from the time you turn on your computer until the operating system takes control. The BIOS typically checks to make sure that your hardware is working correctly and then starts your computer's operating system. You should check for updates with the BIOS if you are having major problems with your computer.

Instructions

1. Open the BIOS menu on your computer. You can do this by restarting your computer and pressing F1 or F10 before you see Windows start up.

2. Record the BIOS revision number found on the main menu of the BIOS screen.

3. Press F10 to exit the BIOS.

4. Confirm that you want to exit the BIOS menu. You can use the arrow keys to navigate to the "Yes" option and pressing the enter key.

5. Enter your computer's model number on the HP drivers and downloads webpage (see "Resources" section for link).

6. Select your computer's operating system.

7. Download any update files under the BIOS , BIOS- System , or RomPaq headings.

8. Follow the instructions for each update you have downloaded. Major BIOS updates may require that you put the update files onto a formatted disk and restart the computer with the disk in a drive.

Tags: your computer, operating system, BIOS menu, BIOS updates, computer operating, computer operating system, exit BIOS

Memory Upgrades For P4 Motherboards

Upgrading Your Computer Memory

The performance of any PC depends on the memory size of the RAM and the processor clock frequency. With the advancement of computer technology, new software and applications demand a lot of memory to run effectively. This will be influenced by the speed, with which the processor performs. Different P4 motherboards available in the market currently are compatible with specific CPUs and RAM, and the type of motherboard used will dictate the maximum memory size to be installed.

Memory

Motherboard manufacturers use varying technology in designing their circuits, but maintain the FCC guidelines regarding compatibility. Pentium 4 processors are largely supported by modern motherboards such as Intel Corp. motherboards, Mercury motherboards and Dell motherboards amongst others. Jetway P4MFM VIA P4M266 Socket 478 mATX motherboard is powered by the VIA P4M266 + VT8233A chipsets having features that support Pentium 4 processors with 400 MHz bus speeds and up to 2GB of memory, 184-pin DDR200/266 RAM. This P4 motherboard has enough expansion slots for upgrading memory and other peripheral devices.

Intel D845GERG2 Socket 478 mATX motherboards are just but an example of the expansive Intel series motherboards supporting P4 processors with an Intel 845GE chipset that can accommodate up to 2GB DDR333/266 memory. Dell 0WG864 Pentium4 Socket 775 LGA ATX Dimension motherboard Core 2 can support processors such as Intel Pentium 4, Intel Pentium D and Intel Core 2 Duo, which have clock frequency of up to 1066MHz high enough to run operating systems such as Windows 7 and Vista.

Asus M4A89GTD Pro Desktop Motherboard Socket AM3 PGA-941---2600 using AMD Chipset ATX supports AMD AM3 multi-core Pentium 4 processors with unique L3 cache and delivers better over-clocking capabilities with less power consumption. This motherboard features dual-channel DDR3 memory with high clocking frequencies.

Processors

Having the right motherboard that can support large memory installation, it is then necessary to choose a processor that can allow a large memory module to be installed. Faith Wempen, an associate instructor at the Indiana University Purdue University at Indianapolis, says that 64-bit processor; Core 2 Duo, Pentium D, Xeon, Pentium 4 and the 32-bit processors; Core Duo, Pentium 4 and Xeon having a clock frequency ranging between 1.4 and 3.8 GHz can all support a memory capacity of up to 64 GB. The limiting factor would be the type of motherboard used.

Memory Choice

A match between your memory type, speed of the motherboard and processor is necessary. The bigger the memory size the better, as running software applications and games will requires less time for the RAM to read or write to the main hard drive. The standardized memory sizes are 128MB, 256MB, 512MB, 1GB, 2GB and 4GB modules, and most motherboards have three or four memory slots that hold memory cards. However, there is a recommended minimum and maximum memory listing that can be installed in a computer depending on the operating system.

Tags: clock frequency, memory size, Pentium processors, processors with, Core Pentium, Core Pentium Xeon

What Is Belarc Advisor 6 0

Belarc Advisor 6.0 creates detailed reports about your operating system. These audits are useful when troubleshooting your computer. The software performs a comprehensive audit of the software and hardware on your computer and keeps the information on your PC. Refer to it anytime to view the status of your operating system.

Description

Belarc Advisor 6.0 creates a comprehensive profile of installed programs, hardware, antivirus statuses and missing Microsoft hotfixes required for repairing issues and solving system problems. When the program runs, it displays the audit results in your Web browser. Belarc doesn't keep a record of system information. The company also maintains that information isn't sent to any Web server.

Compatibility

Belarc Advisor is only compatible with Windows operating systems. In addition, it runs on Web browsers such as Internet Explorer, Firefox, Opera and Safari. When you download a copy of the PC auditing program, a free license is automatically issued for a single PC. The program is not designed for commercial use or multiple computers.

Download

Since the release of Belarc 6.0, newer versions of the PC auditing program have come out. Belarc 6.0 is no longer available directly from Belarc's website; however, if you're not interested in the newer version, older versions are available online. However, because it's an older version, finding a download may prove difficult. If you want to use the most updated version, download it directly from Belarc's website.

Recommendations

Belarc Advisor does not run as a commercial product, unless you qualify as a non-profit. To run this type of software on a commercial license, you need to purchase BelManage, BelSecure or beITsmart. These programs are also developed by Belarc. In addition to PC auditing, they offer features such as assessment of IT systems and creating central management databases.

Tags: Belarc Advisor, Advisor creates, auditing program, Belarc Advisor creates, Belarc website

Imac Vs Pc Benchmarks

Apple enthusiasts and PC enthusiasts have argued for years over which computer type is "better" or "faster," subjective terms that vary based on the kind of computing performed by a machine. Respected computer-oriented magazines have published benchmark comparisons between different model iMacs and PCs. You can benchmark your own PC against the iMac series by downloading a benchmark program and comparing the results to published results for iMacs with varying configurations.

Switch to Intel Processors

In 2006, Apple announced that the iMac would use the same Intel processors used by most Windows-based computers. This made it possible to directly compare and score iMac and PC computers with identical processors against one another. Typical benchmark comparisons rate the speed of iMac and PC computers on computational and graphics-intensive processes. They also score each computer's performance on user-experience tasks such as starting up, shutting down and launching programs.

Popular Mechanics Benchmarks

In 2009, Popular Mechanics benchmarked an iMac with a 2.2 GHz Core 2 Duo processor running the Leopard operating system against a Gateway, with a 2.0 GHz Core 2 Duo processor running Windows Vista. The iMac beat the Gateway in most tests, as Windows Vista proved to be a much slower operating system than Apple's Leopard operating system. The iMac was faster overall and in individual tests of critical tasks including booting up, shutting down and launching programs.

PC Magazine Benchmarks

PC Magazine benchmarked the Apple iMac 27-inch system with an Intel Core i7 processor against PC-based multimedia systems, but included PC systems running only an Intel Core i5 or Intel Core 2 Duo processor, rather than a comparable Intel Core i7 processor. The iMac beat the PCs in most tests except for the overall benchmark computation test and the Photoshop test. Overall, iMac performance rated comparable to Windows-based PCs, however the iMac has limited support for 3-D graphics.

Primate Labs Geekbench

Benchmark your own PC against the iMac series using the Geekbench benchmark tool from Primate Labs. Download Geekbench from the Primate Labs website. Run it on your own Core i5 or Core i7 Windows system and compare your scores to Primate Labs' iMac benchmark scores. When comparing iMac models to one another, the benchmarking company found that the Intel Sandy Bridge architecture, which combines the Central Processing Unit and the Graphics Processing Unit on a single chip, increased performance by about 25 percent over the same processor without integrated graphics.

Tags: Core processor, Intel Core, Primate Labs, Intel Core processor, operating system, against iMac, against iMac series

Specs Of The Asus P5kvm

Taiwan-based ASUSTeK Computer Inc., which claims to have sold 420 million motherboards since 1989, produces the Asus P5K-VM computer motherboard. As a printed circuit board, it houses a computer's microprocessor and other integral hardware components. Apart from this basic specification, several other specs stand out as examples of the P5K-VM's design and performance capabilities.

Form Factor

ASUSTeK manufactures its the P5K-VM motherboard on a Micro Advanced Technology Extended, or Micro ATX, form factor. The layout and shape of a motherboard's primary structure, a form factor is measured in two dimensions: width and depth. Unlike a standard ATX form factor, which is 12 inches wide by 9.6 inches deep, the P5K-VM's Micro ATX form factor is 9.6 inches wide by 9.6 inches deep, allowing the motherboard to fit more easily within computer towers, casings and other hardware containers.

Processor Compatibility

The P5K-VM motherboard is compatible with several different types of microprocessors -- the integrated circuits that perform the central processing functions of computers -- via an LGA775 socket. Examples of microprocessor types that the P5K-VM can support include 64-bit, dual-core and quad-core processors. Compatible models include the Pentium 4, Pentium Extreme Edition, Pentium D, Pentium Core 2 Duo, Pentium Core 2 Quad and Pentium Core 2 Extreme.

Bus Speed

The P5K-VM motherboard can support a maximum bus speed of 1333 megahertz, or MHz, which reflects how fast the it can transmit data to and from a microprocessor. The "bus" in "bus speed" refers to the motherboard's front-side bus, or FSB -- a group of wires that connects the motherboard's microprocessor to the rest of its components.

Chipset

A chipset consists of two microchips: a north bridge and south bridge. While the north bridge controls data from the motherboard's FSB and main memory, the south bridge controls data from the motherboard's peripheral component interconnect slots and industry standard architecture slots. The P5K-VM utilizes a chipset with an Intel G33 Express north bridge and an Intel ICH9 south bridge.

BIOS

The P5K-VM relies on an American Megatrends Inc. basic input/output system, or BIOS, which provides a computer with basic instructions for booting programming interfaces. Compatible interfaces for the P5K-VM include the ASUS EZ Flash 2, SMBIOS 2.3, ACPI 2.0 support, ASUS MyLogo2, WfM 2.0 and DMI 2.0.

Tags: form factor, data from, north bridge, P5K-VM motherboard, Pentium Core

Upgrade An Inspiron 537

Upgrade your Dell Inspiron 537 desktop's hardware.

The Dell Inspiron 537 is part of Dell's line of desktop computers. Upgrading hardware is one way to keep your computer up-to-date. Some commonly upgraded hardware devices include the system's memory, hard drive and processor chip. This is because these three devices have the biggest impact on your desktop's overall performance. Replacing any hardware device in your Dell Inspiron 537 computer requires taking it apart to some degree.

Instructions

Upgrading the Hard Drive

1. Shut down your computer. Unplug the power cord, and any other cables and/or external devices. Rotate the computer so the back panel is facing you. Lay the computer on its left side. Remove the two Phillips-head thumb screws fastening the right-side access panel to the computer. Grasp the side panel's molded grip, and remove the panel from the computer to reveal the motherboard.

2. Locate the hard drive inside the drive bay attached to the computer's front panel. Disconnect the data and power cables from the connectors on the rear of the hard drive. Remove four Phillips-head screws fastening the top of the drive to the drive bay. Pull the hard drive out of its slot, and remove it from the computer.

3. Place the new hard drive in the hard drive slot inside the drive bay. Align the screw holes on the top of the drive with the screw holes on the drive bay. Replace the four retaining Phillips-head screws. Reconnect the data and power cables to the back of the new drive.

Upgrading Memory

4. Locate the memory slots near the center of the motherboard. Spread apart the retaining clips on each side of the memory module you want to replace. Lift the memory module out of its slot, and set it aside.

5. Align the notches on the new memory module with the notches inside the empty memory slot. Press down on the memory module until the memory slot's retention clips snap the module into place.

6. Repeat this for every memory module you want to replace.

Upgrading the Processor

7. Locate the processor cooling fan near the center of the motherboard. The processor fan sits directly on top of the processor. Disconnect the cooling fan's cable from the motherboard. Remove the four Phillips-head screws fastening the fan assembly to the motherboard. Lift the fan assembly off of the processor, and remove it from the computer.

8. Disengage the the retention clip securing the processor's metal cover in place. Rotate the cover away from the processor so it is in the upright position. Lift straight up on the processor's locking lever. Carefully lift the old processor out of its motherboard socket, and remove it from the computer.

9. Align the pins on the new processor chip with the pin holes inside the processor's motherboard socket. Place the processor inside the socket, and pull down on the lever to lock the processor inside the socket.

10. Place the cooling fan assembly back on top of the processor. Replace the four Phillips-head screws to fasten the cooling fan to the motherboard. Reconnect the cooling fan's cable to its connector on the motherboard.

11. Replace the side access panel, and its two retaining screws. Place the computer vertically, and reconnect all cables and devices.

Tags: hard drive, memory module, from computer, Phillips-head screws, Dell Inspiron, four Phillips-head

Intel Motherboards That Use Pc2100 Memory

Intel offers motherboards that support PC2100 SDRAM.

U.S.-based Intel Corp., founded in 1968, is an international company specializing in computer components including processors, motherboards, circuits and flash memory. A motherboard is a computer circuit board that connects various computer devices and houses the computer's main processing components. PC2100 memory is a type of double data rate (DDR) synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM).

D845GLVA

The Intel Desktop Board D845GLVA uses either the Intel Pentium 4 processor with a 400 megahertz (MHz) system bus or Intel Celeron processor with a 400 MHz front-side bus (FSB). The motherboard comes with three peripheral component interconnect (PCI) slots, which allow you to attach different components and peripherals to your computer. Other features of this motherboard include a universal serial bus (USB) port that is both USB 1.1 and 2.0 compatible, and at least 64 megabytes (MB) of installed memory, expandable to 2.0 gigabytes (GB). This device is compatible with both DDR 266 SDRAM (PC2100) and DDR 200 (PC1600) memory.

D845GVAD2

This Intel motherboard supports both PC1600 and PC2100 memory, and it can maintain a maximum of two 184-pin DDR SDRAM dual inline memory modules (DIMMs), which contain the circuits for dynamic RAM. The USB hub on this device is USB 1.1 and 2.0 compatible, and the motherboard has four PCI connector slots. The Intel Desktop Board D845GVAD2 supports either the Intel Celeron processor with 400 MHz FSB or the Intel Pentium 4 processor with 533 MHz system bus. The motherboard comes with the Intel Extreme Graphics controller, which is responsible for controlling video graphics, and a three-volt battery to power the Real Time Clock (RTC).

D845PT

The D845PT motherboard comes with two 1840-pin DDR SDRAM DIMM sockets and an accelerated graphics port (AGP) that supports AGP graphics cards. It has up to seven USB serial ports, one parallel port and one disk drive interface. The board is expandable, allowing you to add up to three PCI buses, Local Area Network (LAN) functionality and an additional AGP connector. It supports the Intel Pentium 4 processor and features the Intel/American Megatrends Inc (AMI) basic input/output system (BIOS), which is the firmware interface. It also comes with 4 MB flash memory.

Tags: comes with, processor with, Intel Pentium, Intel Pentium processor, motherboard comes

Update The Bios On An Rc410m Motherboard

Keep your HP BIOS updated.

The Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) tells a computer what do do before any program starts. It controls the information that allows your computer to turn on. Every manufacturer, including HP, recommends that you periodically check for updated drivers, and download and install them to keep your computer working optimally. The RC410-M motherboard is made for HP media computers. The BIOS update is available at the HP website, and is recommended as a solution for system-freezing issues.

Instructions

1. Download the current BIOS update from the RC410-M Motherboard BIOS Update site (see Resources). Alternatively, navigate to the HP website, click on "Support and Drivers", enter your computer model and click on "Drivers". A list of the latest drivers for your computer will appear, including the RC410-M BIOS drivers.

2. Click "Download" next to the Bios RC410-M driver description. Choose to save the program when asked to either run or save the program.

3. Locate the program icon in the folder you chose to save the program to and click it twice to install it. Click "Yes" if a message appears saying you already have the driver and wanting to know if you want to override it. Click "Next" when prompted and follow the installation instructions. Wait for the installation wizard to complete the BIOS update process.

4. Restart the computer if prompted. Your updated BIOS driver is now installed.

Tags: your computer, save program, BIOS update

Microstar 7254 Specs

Microstar 7254 is an Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) computer circuit board, better known as a motherboard. It was manufactured by Microstar International (MSI) for use with several personal computer brands. MSI was founded in 1986 and specializes in the manufacture and design of electronic equipment such as personal computers, communication devices and servers. The Microstar 7254 was first manufactured in 2006.

Memory

This board has 240 pins (connectors) and Double Data Rate (DDR) memory. A 1GB Microstar 7254 motherboard has 256 MB (667 MHz) memory. The original data transfer speed doubled what was normally seen in computers at the time the board was manufactured. This technology was also credited for improving the performance of games, video editing and other computer activities that required extra memory. Other specifications include 4 USB slots, 2 PCI slots, 1 express slot and socket type 775.

Compatibility

The Microstar 7254 motherboard is compatible with Hewlett Packard Compaq dx2200 Microtower personal computers. In Latin America, it comes standard with HP Pavilion b202br home computer systems.

Availability

The driver for the Microstar 7254 motherboard is still available for download at no cost at many locations online. Although not easy to find, a new Microstar 7254 motherboard is sold online starting at $40.00 as of October 2010. Memory upgrades for this board start at $20.00 for a 1 GB, to 775 socket board.

Tags: Microstar 7254, 7254 motherboard, Microstar 7254 motherboard, personal computers

P4 3 0 Ghz Socket 478 Cpu Specs

Intel Inside

The Pentium 4 3.0 GHz Socket 478 CPU was released in the second quarter of 2004 by Intel as a main single core processor for desktop personal computers. It was the brain in many major desktop PCs of that time including models from HP, Sony, Dell and Compaq. The P4 3.0 is still widely available for sale both new and used online.

Processor

The processor number is 530, with one core, 2 threads and 3 GHz clock speed.

Cache and bus

The chip has 1 MB of L2 Cache and an 800 MHz front side bus speed.

Power

The max TDP is 84 watts with a voltage range of 1.200v-1.425 and a tray 1ku budget price of $97 when it was released.

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Upgrade A Gateway E4000 Motherboard & Cpu

The motherboard connects all of the other components together.

Upgrade the motherboard and CPU on a Gateway E4000 desktop computer system for a major improvement in the system's speed. When a minor upgrade is no longer enough to get the job done, the core components can be replaced to speed the computer up to the level of a brand-new machine. Replacing the motherboard and CPU are the first steps to a major upgrade that can include new RAM, a new video card and even a new power supply on some systems, depending on your needs.

Instructions

1. Back up any files on the computer that are important and not already backed up to an external device, such as a USB flash drive or network location.

2. Click "Start," "Shut Down" to shut the computer off properly. Do not allow the computer to go into sleep or hibernation mode as this can lead to corrupted system files during an upgrade. Disconnect the power cord from the back of the computer or the wall. Remove all other cables from the computer, including the keyboard, mouse, video, network and sound cables, plus any USB devices or printers.

3. Take the cover off the Gateway E4000 and connect the anti-static wrist strap according to the instructions that came with it. Clip one end to the case and the other end to one wrist.

4. Remove the cover and disconnect all of the cables from the motherboard, including power connections, drive data cables and front panel leads.

5. Remove the expansion cards by removing the screw or locking device that holds each one in place and carefully lifting it straight out of the slot.

6. Remove all of the screws holding the Gateway E4000 motherboard in place and pull up slightly on the edge of the motherboard farthest from the rear panel ports. Slide the motherboard out of the system with the RAM and processor still attached.

7. Line up the new motherboard with the old one to ensure all of the screw holes are matched up exactly, and add or remove motherboard standoffs inside the Gateway E4000 case as needed so that each hole has a standoff for a screw and there are no extras.

8. Remove the rear panel faceplate from the case and replace it with the faceplate that was included with the new motherboard.

9. Remove the RAM from the old motherboard by spreading the plastic retaining clips apart and lifting the RAM straight up out of the socket. Move the RAM into the new motherboard by spreading the plastic retaining clips wide and pushing the RAM modules down into the slots until the plastic retaining tabs audibly click into place, locking the RAM. Pay attention to the small key tab in the slot that matches the key notch in the RAM module for proper orientation. Press the tabs together after the RAM is installed to ensure a tight connection.

10. Lift the processor locking lever to the unlocked position and install the processor into the socket by aligning the corner of the processor with a triangle shape drawn on it with the matching notation on the socket. Lower the processor into the socket slowly and without excessive pressure to avoid bending pins. Lock the locking lever in place.

11. Clean the old thermal heat sink compound from the base of the heat sink and the top of the processor. Scrape the excess compound using the plastic scraper and then scrub the residue using the 91% isopropyl alcohol and lint-free cloth. Avoid touching either surface after cleaning, and allow a minute or two for the surfaces to dry completely before applying new thermal heat sink compound.

12. Apply a thin layer of thermal heat sink compound to the top of the processor and then lower the heat sink and cooling fan squarely onto the processor. Attach the heat sink using the included metal clips by placing the static end over a plastic tab on the processor socket and then push the movable end onto the other plastic tab to secure the heat sink in place.

13. Place the rear port end of the motherboard into the case so that the rear ports protrude through the rear port faceplate, being careful not to bend any of the small metal grounding tabs on the faceplate. Lower the motherboard onto the standoffs and secure a screw in each hole.

14. Install each of the expansion cards into matching slots and secure them with a screw or locking device as they were before.

15. Attach the main power cable to the motherboard on the 24-pin connector. Note that this connector is designed to only fit one way and should start with little force. Push down harder at the end to snap the retaining clip securely into place.

16. Connect the drive data cables to the motherboard. Connect the front panel connectors to the motherboard. Refer to the motherboard manual or the manufacturer's website for exact placement of each connector.

17.Power the system on and allow it to boot to the operating system. Insert the driver disc that came with the motherboard if prompted, or alternately launch a Web browser and connect to the manufacturer's website to obtain the latest hardware drivers for the new motherboard and integrated components.

18. Allow Windows to activate over the Internet if prompted to avoid the system going into limited access mode.

Tags: heat sink, Gateway E4000, heat sink compound, plastic retaining, sink compound, thermal heat

Is My Ps3 Dead

Your PS3 exhbitis certain signs that it's failing.

Despite its five-star rating from CNET.com, the Sony PlayStation 3 is not impervious to certain issues that could leave you console-less. The PS3 functions much like a computer, including memory, a processor and a motherboard. If your PS3 begins to show signs that it's no longer working as well as it should, it could be a sign that the console will soon be nonfunctional. Look for sure signs that your PS3 is dead before you enact your warranty or have the console serviced.

Symptoms

When your PS3 begins to fail, you'll notice the problems in your game play and the consoles overall functionality. For instance, if you feel your console getting hot when playing games or watching movies, the fan might be malfunctioning, resulting in the overheating and eventual failure of internal components. If your PS3 shuts off suddenly without warning, lags during game play or freezes, it could be another sign that it's slowly malfunctioning.

Diagnosis

While the actual reasons for your dead or dying PS3 will depend on your individual situation and console, some ailments are common to the PS3 in general. Overheating is a problem, since the processor and the motherboard become heated when in use. Without a functioning fan, constant overheating can damage your console. A malfunctioning motherboard or memory card can also cause damage, causing your PS3 to simply stop working.

Yellow Light of Death

One specific problem the PlayStation 3 has faced is known as the "Yellow Light of Death," or YLOD. The YLOD occurs suddenly to some PS3s, typically on the now-discontinued 60GB models. The YLOD is caused by a malfunctioning connection in the motherboard and is diagnosed when your PS3 won't power on, instead blinking a yellow light from the power indicator. If you've received the YLOD, the fix is a complicated soldering of the motherboard, a procedure best left to professionals.

What to Do

Your PlayStation 3 came with a one-year Sony warranty that protects you against hardware and software failure, such as the YLOD, overheating or other issues. If you're still within warranty, Sony will either service or replace your PS3 if it won't power on or cannot sustain game play. If you're out of warranty, contact a console repair technician. She might be able to fix your machine, but any unauthorized service voids any existing warranty on the machine. Even if your PS3 is completely dead and you're out of warranty, Sony can likely offer you a refurbished machine at a discounted price as a replacement.

Tags: game play, signs that, Light Death, processor motherboard, sign that

Types Of Processor Architecture

The processor is also called the CPU.

The computer processor is much like the brain of a person: it controls the entire computer. The processor is responsible for executing all calculations, logic and instructions. Consider the different processor architectures when selecting a processor, as this ultimately determines how it will perform a number of tasks.

X86 Architecture

An X86 processor is a chip which processes a batch of 32 bits of data per clock cycle. Each bit is an instruction or piece of data used to perform calculations and functions. An X86 processor running Windows 7 can only address a maximum of 4 GB of RAM.

X64 Architecture

A X64 processor is a chip which can process both 32 bit and 64 bits batches of data per clock cycle. When running a X64 operating system, this type of processor can support up tp 192 GB of RAM. This makes a X64 processor much more efficient when running applications with large memory requirements.

Single Core Architecture

A single core processor is a chip which has one processing stream, meaning it executes one batch of instructions per clock cycle. This makes it slower compared to dual and quad core processors.

Dual Core Architecture

A dual core processor is a chip which has two parallel processing streams. This allows the processor to execute two independent batches of data per clock cycle, effectively doubling the efficiency of the processor, making it quicker than a single core processor when executing many instructions.

Quad Core Architecture

As the name suggests, a quad core processor is a chip which combines four parallel processing streams. This allows it to process four independent batches of data per clock cycle, effectively quadruple the efficiency of a single core processor. A quad core processor is most superior when handling very large amounts of data.

Tags: core processor, chip which, clock cycle, processor chip, processor chip which

Update A Phoenixaward Bios

Phoenix and Award merged in 1998 creating the Phoenix-Award brand. When it's time to update a Phoenix-Award Basic Input/Output System (BIOS), the free application BIOS Agent Plus scans your system to find the correct BIOS update for your system. BIOS Agent Plus is the official BIOS update and support center for the Phoenix-Award BIOS. Updating your Phoenix-Award BIOS ensures your BIOS software remains compatible with your operating system and hardware to prevent as many system errors as possible.

Instructions

1. Visit the BIOS Agent Plus website listed in the Resources section.

2. Select "Free BIOS Scan" to download the BIOS Agent Plus software.

3. Double-click the file to run the installer program.

4. Wait for BIOS Agent Plus to generate a report of your system's BIOS and drivers.

5. Locate the "BIOS" section near the top of the report.

6. Press the download button, if available, to download the latest BIOS for your system.

7. Follow all instructions provided with your Phoenix-Award BIOS update to update your system.

Tags: Agent Plus, BIOS Agent, BIOS Agent Plus, your system, BIOS update

Port Types On Computers

There are many types of computer ports that allow connectivity for a variety of devices.

For novice users, a quick peek at the backside of your computer reveals a great number of odd shapes, all with different colors and sizes. Rather than be intimidated by this technological wonderland of inputs and outputs, users should embrace their computer ports for what they can offer in terms of connectivity. Though it may be overwhelming at first, computer port types can be easily categorized by their purposes.

Network

Network ports connect computers to the Internet or local intranet. Ethernet ports are the norm and can have different speeds: 10BaseT, 100BaseT or 1 gigabit. Modem or RJ11 ports allow telephone lines to be jacked into the computer.

Input

There are several input ports on a computer, including those used for input devices. The PS/2 ports connect a mouse and keyboard, while the game port connects game controllers. Parallel and serial ports connect older printers and PDA devices. Most current input devices use the USB port, of which there are usually several available on a modern computer. Firewire ports connect high-speed devices, including DV cameras and Firewire hard drives. Another high-speed hard drive connector is the eSATA port.

Audio

Several different audio ports may be on a computer, including speaker output ports. These are usually color-coded to assist in setup. A mic input port allows you to connect a microphone to the computer.

Video

There are a variety of video ports that computers may have. VGA, DVI and HDMI are the usual video output ports available, though some computers may have S-Video ports designed to connect to a television monitor. A cable input port, such as those on a TV tuner card, can also be available on a computer.

Other

The power port is standard on all computers, and size of the input plugs will vary between netbooks, laptops and desktop computers. Laptops may have a PCMCIA or Cardbus port that allows a user to connect a network card, disk drive or flash card adapter.

Tags: ports connect, computer including, computer ports, computers have, input devices

Tips On Buying A Used Computer

Used computers are affordable solutions to owning a home machine.

Buying a used computer provides users with a more affordable solution for a home computer. Even with the reduction in price for simple computers over the years, they still cost hundreds of dollars for a new system. A used computer saves people money, but it helps to have the knowledge to notice any problems before buying a used machine.

Inspect the Case

Just like buying a car, inspect the outer case for any dents, scratches or abnormalities. The port connections are usually placed in the back of the computer. Ensure that these ports are not dented or misaligned. Port-connection problems may render the computer unusable, since they can restrict connection of important peripheral devices such as a mouse, keyboard or monitor. Ask the original owner to open the case to inspect the inside of the machine as well. Inspect the hardware for any physical damage such as scratches to the circuit board or actual circuits. Physical damage can lead to hardware failure even if the machine currently runs perfectly.

Check Devices

If you don't have personal experience identifying computer components, bringing a professional is important. Since it is a used machine, you need to make sure what is advertised is actually installed into the computer. Check devices and even device version numbers to ensure that the equipment listed in the advertisement is indeed included with the machine. This includes video card, sound card, external peripherals like a mouse, keyboard and monitor and the processor and memory. Processor and memory specifications are also listed in the system BIOS or in the operating-system properties window.

CD-ROM or DVD Drive

Most computers come with an optical drive installed, but older computers may not give you the ability to access your CD-ROMs or DVDs. Many manufacturers require a CD-ROM or DVD player to install their software, so it's important for your used computer to have a CD-ROM or DVD player. An added bonus is a CD or DVD writer, which allows you to burn data and backup copies to a ROM device.

Warranty

Some computer manufacturers do not transfer a warranty to new computer owners who buy a used machine. A warranty provides the user with an upgrade or replacement part should the hardware fail. If the used computer is several years old, there is a greater chance for hardware failure. Be prepared to replace hardware if no warranty is offered with the new purchase.

Tags: used computer, used machine, CD-ROM player, hardware failure, keyboard monitor, mouse keyboard, mouse keyboard monitor

Update & Reinstall Bios In Windows

Regular BIOS updates will help prevent computer problems.

BIOS, or basic input/output system, is the software component that keeps your computer running smoothly. It serves as the communication link between your operating system and your computer's hardware components. If you have multiple operating systems installed, BIOS tells the computer which one is the default. It also allows you to enable or disable certain components and configure your hardware settings so that your system resources will be properly allocated. It is important to keep your system BIOS updated to prevent your computer from crashing.

Instructions

1. Check your system BIOS regularly if you are using a Windows operating system such as XP, Vista or Windows 7. Not all Windows operating systems have an automated BIOS updater, so it is up to the user to keep this important software component up to date. Failing to update your BIOS can cause your computer to stop altogether and display the "blue screen of death," which usually requires a unit refresh or a re-installation of your operating system.

2. Keep your computer manual handy to help with problems.

Press the specific key or the combination of keys that your computer system suggests during boot up. Depending on which version of Windows operating system you have installed on your machine, the key to access your BIOS settings can be as simple as the F10 or F12 key. Since the BIOS is a component of the motherboard system, you should refer to your motherboard manual on access it. Your manual should provide details on get to your system BIOS, including the proper key or keys you have to press as your computer boots up.

3. Download the latest BIOS from your motherboard manufacturer's website. You may save the BIOS update either on a CD-ROM or a USB flash drive with capacity of at least 2 gigabytes. To ensure that your BIOS update download is complete and executable, monitor it from start to finish. Installing an incomplete update will ruin your existing BIOS, which will require you to reinstall your operating system.

4. Update your system BIOS with the file you downloaded from the motherboard manufacturer's website. You can either use an update utility software, which is available for newer motherboards, or load the update during boot up. Change the boot sequence of your computer and set your CD-ROM drive or flash drive as your default or primary drive. This is important so your computer will read your CD-ROM and ignore your internal hard drive, and so it will run the executable file of your downloaded BIOS. (This is the program needed to perform the system update.)

5. Making a backup installation CD is important.

Reinstall your system BIOS using your installation media, if you have no access to the Internet to download the latest update for your Windows operating system. This is only necessary if you see an error message relating to your system BIOS, which usually appears when your computer boots up or in the "blue screen of death." To perform this update, you must also change your system's boot sequence. Always keep your operating system CD or DVD and other applications media with you, so that you can perform any update on your computer no matter where you might be.

Tags: your computer, your system, operating system, system BIOS, your system BIOS

The Specifications Of An Asrock P4 Combo Intel 848p Atx Motherboard

The ASRock P4 Combo Motherboard is an ATX form factor system board made by ASRock, Inc. This motherboard is intended for use with Intel Celeron or Pentium 4 Processors.

Socket Types

The ASRock P4 Combo Motherboard can support socket type 478 or LGA775. These sockets fit Intel Pentium 4 or Celeron processors.

Chipset

This motherboard can support Northbridge Intel 848P Chipset. It can also support the Southbridge ICH5 Chipset.

FSB

The P4 Combo Motherboard can support front side bus speeds of 400 Megahertz (MHz), 533MHz, 800MHz or 1066MHz.

Memory

The P4 Combo system board has two slots for memory modules. These slots can support one of three types of random access memory (RAM): PC-2100 DDR-266, PC-2700 DDR-333 or PC-3200 DDR-400. The board can support a maximum of 2GB of RAM.

Audio

The P4 Combo Motherboard has an integrated six-channel CMedia CMI9739A AC'97 codec.

Ports and Expansions

This motherboard has an 8x AGP slot, four 1.5V slots, four PCI slots, two Serial ATA 1.5 gigabits per second connectors, two ATA-100/66 IDE connectors, one floppy disk drive connector, one fan connector, a 20-pin power connector, a 4-pin +12V power connector, an IDE LED connector, a front panel audio connector, eight USB 2.0 ports, one game/MIDI port, one RJ-45 LAN port, one serial port, two PS2 mouse and keyboard ports, a rear audio port and one parallel port.

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Tell Agp From Pci

Tell AGP From PCI

Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) and Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) are two common types of bus interfaces on computer motherboards. AGP slots are designed to allow AGP video cards to connect to a motherboard, while PCI slots are all-purpose expansion slots. Many types of devices, such as network cards, sound cards and modems, can attach to a motherboard using PCI slots. If you plan to install a new device inside your computer, you may need to distinguish between the AGP and PCI slots.

Instructions

1. Turn off your computer and unplug all the cables.

2. Remove the screws along the back of the case and set the case panel aside. The expansion slots are typically located along the bottom back corner of the case, on the motherboard.

3. Look for several parallel slots that are identical in color, shape and size. These are the PCI ports. Most computers have several PCI ports (sometimes 4 or more), but motherboards will have 1 AGP slot at most.

4. Compare port color. PCI slots are usually white or some other light color while AGP slots are usually a dark brownish color. If the motherboard has one dark-colored slot and several light-colored slots, the AGP port is the port with the dark color and the PCI ports are the lightly colored ones.

5. Check port position. On most motherboards, the AGP slot is located above the PCI slots when the case is standing upright.

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Problems With Msi Files

MSI files handle how programs run on your computer.

MSI files are databases of the files, configuration information and settings for a particular application. These files contain the base information for an application such as Adobe, Excel, Yahoo! Mail, or a calculator to work. Everything your computer can do is an application of some sort and requires a code in order to function. MSI files contain the code to make programs work and are usually in a "hidden" file so you will not accidentally get rid of the files.

Switching Drives

When you switch hard drives you can accidentally get rid of .msi files. This happens because the program was not properly installed or Windows deliberately deleted it during the process. If the file is missing, your computer will likely prompt you that the file is missing. The solution is to fully reinstall the program or to put the installation CD in when you get the prompt that the MSI file is missing. The program will walk you through finding the code on the installation disk and you will be back up and running.

Cleaning Your Hard Drive

You can also get rid of .msi files without meaning to if you are doing a computer cleanup. Because you often do not know what these files are, if you are clearing out your hard drive you might get rid of one of these critical files. To avoid this, always look at the extension associated with files before you delete them. If the file is .msi, you likely need it for one of your programs. Deleting hidden files can also change the way your programs work because these .msi files are usually out of sight in order to protect the files from deletion.

File Corruption

MSI files can become corrupt. Many worms and viruses are meant to attach to .msi files in order to gain access to your computer system. Because users have been taught not to get rid of such files, it allows the virus to stay on the computer or be more difficult to find. In these cases it is important to delete the infected .msi files. Before you do so, verify you have the installation disk or request one from the software company. This will allow you to restore any program files you delete with clean copies. You can keep your work files, but it is likely best to entirely remove the program and reload it in order to get rid of all versions of the virus on your system.

Tags: your computer, file missing, accidentally files, files contain, installation disk, programs work

The Differences Between Pci & Agp Cards

Open PC case showing a motherboard with PCI slots

When it comes to building or upgrading a PCI, there are many basic differences that need to be known to make the build or upgrade go smoothly. The difference between PCI and AGP cards is one such basic difference.

Function: PCI

Peripheral Component Interconnect, or PCI, is a type of bus used in personal computers. PCI can be used to connect USB, Firewire, video, storage, communications and other devices to a PC.

Function: AGP

Accelerated Graphics Port, or AGP, was invented specifically to address the greater bandwidth needs of 3-D video cards. AGP is video only.

Specifications: PCI

Standard PCI is a 32-bit wide, 33 megahertz (MHz) shared bus. This means that the bandwidth available is shared between all devices connected to it.

Specifications: AGP

AGP is a 32 bit wide non-shared bus. It can be 1x/66 MHz, 2x/133 MHz, 4x/266 MHz, or 8x/533 MHz.

Physical differences

5v PCI is notched where pins 50 and 51 would be. 3.3v PCI is notched where pins 12 and 13 would be. Universal cards have both notches.

3.3v AGP is notched where pins 22, 23, 24, and 25 would be. 1.5v AGP is notched where pins 42, 43, 44, and 45 would be. Universal AGP is double notched.

PCI cards connect close to the back-plate of the card, while AGP cards connect farther away.

PCI installs component-side down, while AGP installs component-side up.

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What Is Core 2 Duo T5800

The Core 2 Duo T5800 is a dual-core processor that was invented by Intel. The T5800 is the second most powerful processor in the T5000 series of Intel Core 2 Duo processors.

History

Intel launched the Core 2 Duo T5800 in the fourth quarter of 2008.

Specifications

The T5800 produces a maximum clock speed of 2 GHz and a front-side bus (FSB) speed of 800 MHz. It has a 2 MB L2 cache, and is built to support the PPGA478 socket type. The T5800 is a dual-core processor, meaning it contains two cores on one die. This allows for double the processing speed. The T5800 package (casing of the processor) has dimensions that measure 35 mm by 35 mm. Additionally, there are 291 million transistors on the processor's die.

Benefits

The Core 2 Duo T5800 has advanced technologies implemented in its design. For example, it is built on the Intel 64 architecture, allowing it to use 4 GB (or more) of memory when paired with software that has 64-bit support. The T5800 is also designed to take advantage of SpeedStep technology. SpeedStep allows for increased performance while conserving energy at the same time.

Tags: Core T5800, dual-core processor, T5800 dual-core, T5800 dual-core processor

What Is The Importance Of A Hard Drive

A computer can have internal and external hard drives.

For a computer to function, it must have a hard drive in place. The internal hard drive is one of the key components of a computer, as it the device that allows for long-term data storage, ranging from operating systems to applications.

What Is a Hard Drive

A hard drive is a series of spinning metal disks that allows users to save or store information on a computer. It is considered the secondary memory of a computer, with a computer's random access memory (RAM) being the primary memory. The hard drive is the component where data is saved, even after a computer is powered off.

Basic Computer Functions

The hard drive allows a computer to start or "boot up." The operating system, such as Windows or Linux, is stored on the hard disk and launched when the computer is turned on. Without a hard drive, the computer would be unable to retain any information.

Hard Drive Types

A hard drive is the "brain" of a computer and facilitates the basic functionality of a computer (such as launching an internet browser or word-processing application). Because there are size limitations to the hard drive, external hard drives can be added to a computer to increase the space where files and applications can be stored.

Tags: hard drive, hard drive, external hard, external hard drives, hard drives

Laptop Friendly Games

Laptops can run many fun games.

Typically, laptop computers have configurations that don't allow much gaming. Inadequate video cards and processors are usually the main culprits. Despite this, there still are many games you can play on the average laptop computer, though finding them may take some trial and error. Usually these games are older or they are small games that can be played online or easily downloaded.

Fallout 2

Fallout 2 is a game from the late 1990s which runs on a PC. The setting of this game is a post-apocalyptic world where a player must fight for his life and use all available resources to survive. The game is rated M, for mature audiences, and is not appropriate for younger players. Fallout 2 runs well on a laptop computer because the requirements for the video card and processor are not as intense as those for many newer games. You will find this game runs at an appropriate speed and you're able to perform all tasks. Fallout 2 is available from most online sources that sell PC games. In most cases, you can also play Fallout 1 and 3 on your laptop.

Fish Tycoon

Fish Tycoon is a good game for younger players to play on a laptop computer. In this game a player breeds and raises fish, then sells them in the market to the highest bidder. Manage your business efficiently and your fish will thrive, and you will become a true fish tycoon. Enhance your business by developing new strategies and new technologies to increase your income even more. Make too many mistakes, though, and all of your fish will die and you'll have to start again. This game can be downloaded for free is enjoyed by kids 8 and up.

Virtual Villagers

Virtual Villagers can be downloaded for free and runs well on just about any laptop. In this game you must help a group of villagers who have lost their home due to a volcanic eruption. When you meet them they have nothing and are in an unfamiliar place, and they are depending on you to help them start over. The village contains dozens of unique inhabitants, and all of them must be guided into occupations that will help the community survive. Your village exists in real time, which means "life" goes on even when you aren't playing. It's up to you to give the group the means to survive whether you are there or not. Players 10 and up can enjoy this game.

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Intellistation Z Pro 6221 Tech Specifications

The IntelliStation Z Pro 6221 is a desktop computer from IBM. It's good to know the features and specifications of a computer that you own or are looking to own.

Processor and Memory

The IntelliStation Z Pro 6221 includes an Intel Xeon processor. This processor has a 512 KN L-2 cache and a speed of 533 Mhz. Also included is a minimum memory of 256 MB with a maximum of 8 GB. There are four DIMM connectors to accommodate the upgrade to 8 GB if the user wishes.

Video and Audio

The 6221 included integrated audio and one of the following types of video card in its AGP slot: Matrox G450, Nvidia Quadro4 280NVS, Nvidia Quadrio4 980XGL or a 3DLabs Wildcat4 7100. The specific card will vary depending on your specific configuration. The 6221 features front and rear audio jacks as well as one or two DVI connectors for video output.

Other Specifications

Also included with the 6221 is a floppy diskette drive, hard disk drive and either a CD or DVD drive. There are four PCI slots on the motherboard for adding hardware such as modems or advanced sound cards. An ethernet controller is included on the motherboard for connecting to high-speed Internet sources. There are four USB ports as well as jacks for a keyboard and a mouse.

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What Is The Meaning Of Process Capability

Process capability is calculated by manufacturing companies to determine efficiency.

Process capability is a measure of the ability to process output within specific parameters. Companies use formulas to calculate this, so they can constantly monitor the efficiency of all processing aspects of a manufacturing business.

Statistics

Process capability is used in manufacturing businesses and is measured by using indices. These indices measure how well a company's manufacturing process output meets customer's needs and specifications. A process capability number is calculated and compared to these numbers to determine if the process of production of an item is "capable" or manufactured efficiently. It is calculated by using a complex formula containing an upper specification limit (USL), a lower specification limit (LSL) and standard deviation (s). The formula is: (USL - LSL) divided by 6s.

Purpose

Process capability is performed within a company to measure its output against allowable measures. The purpose of this is to find out if the production is efficient and what improvements can be made. It is measured to increase efficiency of production.

Outcome

The effects of performing process capability tests are to ultimately lower the cost of production for manufactured goods. When production costs decrease, a higher profit for the company is made or the company passes its savings on to consumers by lowering product costs.

Tags: Process capability, Process capability, process output, specification limit

Laptop To Hdmi Audio Problems

A laptop may not be equipped for sound on its HDMI port.

Because of their compact nature, laptop computers can't possibly have all the options that desktops have. With space at a premium, manufacturers may only include necessary components and connectors for the basic applications for the laptop's intended use. Just because a laptop has an HDMI connection port doesn't mean it's equipped or set up to support all HDMI functions. A common laptop HDMI question asks why there is no sound connection.

HDMI

An HDMI connection uses a 19-pin port that carries digital high-definition video and up to eight channels of audio over a single cable for connections within a home entertainment system. But since HDMI's development in 2002, upgrades and additional features have made it attractive to more users. As of version 1.4 of 2009, HDMI includes an Ethernet channel to connect any HDMI component in a home entertainment system to the Internet for support. An HDMI port on a laptop could be set up for only such a connection.

Graphics Card Doesn't Support Sound

An HDMI port on a computer could be set up as an auxiliary output for an additional monitor. Since laptop screens are limited in size, many graphics applications would be greatly enhanced by the use of a larger screen. The video card in this case may support elaborate video functions, but not have an option for sound. A DVD player installed in this laptop may work well to install programs or play movies on the screen with sound on the internal speakers. But connecting the laptop to an HDTV with an HDMI cable would not play sound from the DVD.

Incompatible Audio Card

An audio card in a laptop may support sound for the internal speakers, and send an output signal to external speakers or headphones. But since the audio card doesn't support digital sound, there's no way to route it to the HDMI port. The HDMI port may send the video to a projection screen for training or sales presentations, but in these situations, the person doing the presentation speaks and doesn't need sound. Again, the DVD player in this laptop would not send sound to the HDMI port.

Programming

If a laptop has a video and audio card compatible with HDMI, it still may not be set up to send sound. It may have been previously set up for graphics only or a presentation to a projection screen. Because there is such a wide selection of video and audio cards, and such a wide range of programming options, setting up a laptop to route the sound onto the HDMI port may have only one small step omitted that keeps the sound turned off. First check sound and video card HDMI compatibility, and then check all setup options.

Tags: HDMI port, audio card, entertainment system, HDMI connection, home entertainment, home entertainment system

Memory Differences Between Pc6400 & Pc26400

PC-6400 and PC2-6400 chips are clocked differently.

The difference between PC-6400 and PC2-6400 is in the style of chip clocking. PC 6400 uses the DDR method to clock the chip whereas PC2-6400 uses the DDR2 method. DDR2 requires 4 transfers per clock tick while DDR only allows 2 transfers per clock tick. DDR2 has replaced DDR in new computers. PC-6400 is identical to PC2-6400 except for the timing difference. However, the timing difference dramatically affects the specifications of the memory.

Transfer Rate Differences

Because four transfers occur over the course of a single clock tick, the PC2-6400 theoretically doubles the transfer rate of the PC-6400. The practical data transfer speed does not quite live up to the theoretical promises, but it comes close. Therefore, in a theoretical sense, we can say that PC2-6400 is twice as fast as PC-6400.

Chip Size Differences

The data transfer rate of the PC2-6400 also has implications on the size of chips that can be used. Chip size is limited by the speed at which data can be accessed. When the speed of access doubles (as is the case between PC-6400 and PC2-6400), the amount of memory accessible by the bus increases respectively. Thus, the potential chip size of a PC2-6400 chip verses a PC-6400 chip is nearly doubled as well.

Error Rate Differences

Computers use check bytes at the end of data transfers to ensure that the data is transfered correctly. If the check byte does not match up with the data it is tagged with, the whole data chunk will be recycled. When this happens, the data has to be requested a second time in order to get the corrected data. The increased rate of transfers on the PC2-6400 also increases the fidelity of the data. Thus, the number of errors is decreased and the speed of recycled transfers is faster. These dual forces help PC2-6400 produce far less errors than PC-6400.

Tags: clock tick, PC-6400 PC2-6400, between PC-6400, between PC-6400 PC2-6400, data transfer, PC2-6400 also, Rate Differences

Improving Processor Usage

A computer's processor or CPU, is responsible for carrying out the millions of calculations that allow a computer to run. If a processor is forced to carry out many processes at once, PCs can lag as the processor struggles to complete calculations. Taking steps to limit strain on the processor and improve data transfer rates will help keep the processor, and therefore your computer, working fast.

Multitasking

Multitasking is one of the main reasons for computer lag and decreased CPU performance. When you open multiple applications at the same time, or run several complex processes at once, the processor must divide its processing power which can result in slow computing. To avoid lag, limit multitasking as much as possible. Close windows after you are finished looking at them, and shut down programs and processes that you are not using. Avoid forcing your computer to do more than one processor intensive activity at the same time. Don't do things like rendering video, multimedia editing, playing graphically intense video games or running anti malware scans at the same time. Limiting multitasking will also free up random access memory, which can increase the rate that data is transferred to your processor, further reducing lag.

Heat

When a CPU makes calculations, it must draw power from the motherboard which causes it to generate heat. The more you force your processor to make calculations, the more heat will be created. But heat inhibits processor function, which can result in lag or even crashes and hardware damage. To keep a processor functioning efficiently, it must be kept as cool as possible. A high quality CPU fan and heat sink should be used to cool your processor, and as well as additional case cooling measures, like case fans. Setting your computer up in a cool place, like a basement can help keep it running cool. If you have been using your computer for an extended period of time, shutting it down and allowing it to cool can increase processor performance upon restart.

RAM

Even when a processor is functioning perfectly, its speed can be limited if your other hardware components, in particular your random access memory (RAM), is insufficient. The RAM is responsible for storing data from the hard drive and transferring it to the processor to run the programs and processes that the user demands of the PC. The amount of total RAM your computer has and the speed that the RAM can transfer data by limit how quickly the processor can receive data to perform calculations. Installing RAM with faster transfer rates can improve CPU performance and reduce lag. Any time the RAM becomes full, the computer will lag as it waits for new data from the hard drive, so simply installing additional RAM, even if it does not have faster transfer speeds, can help optimize CPU usage and computing speed.

Tags: your computer, same time, your processor, access memory, computer processor

Information About Computer Hardware

Without the appropriate hardware, a computer would be useless.

Computer hardware can be defined as all components of a computer that you can physically touch, feel, hold, or install. All computers contain hardware -- and need hardware -- in order to operate. If your computer hardware begins to fail, your computer will crash. However, hardware doesn't act alone and needs both an operating system and software to reach its true potential.

Inner Workings

The motherboard -- located within your computer's tower -- is a crucial piece of computer hardware. The motherboard contains the circuits and components that allow your computer to run. Think of it as the engine in relation to a car. Located within the motherboard is the CPU (central processing unit) chip. The hard disk drive located within your computer stores your data -- such as files, programs, games, etc -- on a permanent basis. The RAM (random access memory) is used to retrieve this data from the hard disk drive with the help of the CPU, allowing your computer to access the files and data you need.

Control

Your computer would be useless if you couldn't see what you were doing on it, or lacked the ability to control what it did. The computer monitor allows you to view the computer functions you request. CRT (cathode ray tubes) and LCD (liquid crystal display) are the two main types of monitors. CRT monitors are typically heavier and larger than LCD monitors. The keyboard allows you to enter commands and contains function keys, navigation keys and numeric keys. The mouse allows you to navigate around your display screen. Once the arrow of the mouse is over a desired file on the screen, you must double click the left mouse button to open it. The monitor, keyboard, and mouse act together, allowing you to utilize your computer as you need.

Extras

Computers can have hardware added to them, allowing you to customize your unit to your own specifications and needs. For example, you can add a printer to your computer if you need to print documents or pages. You should always print or backup a copy of your work in case your computer crashes. You can also add external drives -- such as an external DVD or CD drive. Some computers already have these built-in. If you wish to watch movies or TV shows on your computer, you can purchase speakers, allowing you to hear the action.

The Operating System

Computer hardware itself would be useless without an operating system, often referred to as an "OS." The operating system acts as a communicator between the hardware and the software -- or programs -- located within your computer. Without an operating system, these programs would not operate. Windows, Linux, and Unix are just three types of operating systems. These systems allow your computer to run multiple programs at the same time.

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Upgrade A D510 Processor

Upgrading your laptop's processor is one way to significantly improve your computer's performance. The speed of your processor largely dictates how fast your computer's software operates. In some cases, an inadequate processor can result in non-functioning software. Your Dell Latitude D510 laptop comes shipped with a 1.7 GHz processor. The motherboard's CPU socket is compatible with most Intel Pentium M processor chips. Replacing your Dell Latitude's processor means completely dismantling the computer.

Instructions

1. Shut down your laptop. Disconnect the power cable. Disconnect any other cables or devices from the laptop. Remove the battery pack from its compartment on the bottom side of the laptop.

2. Open the display panel as far as possible. Use a flat-head screwdriver to pry up the keyboard cover. The keyboard cover is a plastic strip situated above the keyboard assembly.

3. Remove the two Phillips-head screws from behind the top row of keyboard keys. Place the keyboard face down on the laptop's surface. Disconnect the ribbon cable extending from the bottom side of the keyboard to the motherboard. Then remove the keyboard from the laptop.

4. Disconnect the LCD video cable that extends from the left side of the screen to the motherboard. Remove the four spring-loaded Phillips-head screws from the heat sink device in the upper left corner of the motherboard. The heat sink is a large metal device with a copper pipe extending from it. It also sits directly on top of the processor. Lift the heat sink out of the laptop.

5. Turn the processor's flat-head locking screw in the counterclockwise direction as far as possible. This will disconnect the processor from its motherboard socket. Lift the processor out of the laptop and set it aside.

6. Reverse this procedure to install the new processor chip.

Tags: heat sink, bottom side, Dell Latitude, extending from, from laptop, keyboard cover

Server Motherboard Vs Desktop

Server Motherboard Vs. Desktop

The main difference between server and desktop motherboards is the number of central processing units (CPUs) they can accept. The other difference is the type of user each has in mind, and therefore what types of plug-ins each offers.

CPU Sockets

The most notable difference is that a server motherboard typically has two or more CPU sockets while a desktop motherboard usually only has one. The reason for this is increased computing demands required of servers. With more CPUs, a server can compute more data simultaneously.

Types of CPUs

Although any CPU can be used in any motherboard with a corresponding CPU socket type, there are different grades of processors. Server processors tend to be more expensive because they offer resistance to higher temperatures and therefore greater stability.

Other Differences

Server motherboards have a computer server in mind, which means the main focus is reliability. This means multiple connections for hard drives so they can be swapped if one fails, and as mentioned above, multiple CPU sockets. Desktop motherboards can have a variety of home users in mind. A gaming computer, for example, will have multiple inputs for graphics cards for enhancing game performance.

Tags: Motherboard Desktop, motherboards have, Server Motherboard Desktop

Motherboards Atx Vs Microatx

Motherboards: ATX Vs. MicroATX

ATX and microATX are motherboard form factors (the physical design and layout).

Each standard has unique attributes. Both standards remain in use as of 2010.

History

The ATX form factor is the successor of the Baby-AT form factor. Intel Corp. introduced it in 1995. The microATX design was created to complement the ATX form factor, not to replace it. The microATX form factor was introduced by Intel in December 1997.

ATX

The ATX form factor was designed to improve upon the Baby AT by making it easier to use, increase support for new processors, reduce cost, and add additional support for input/output devices. Motherboards with the ATX form factor measure 12 inches wide by 9.6 inches deep (305 millimeters by 244 millimeters). The advantage that ATX motherboards have over microATX is their size. Larger motherboards allow for more RAM to be installed, as well as additional expansion slots to be utilized.

MicroATX

The microATX form factor was designed to deal with consumer trends, as well as newer computer technology. microATX motherboards come in two varieties, 9.6 inches in width by 9.6 inches in depth and 6.75 inches wide and 6.75 inches deep. Using the microATX form factor allows for reduced costs when building a computer. More specifically, it allows for a computer to built using a smaller power supply and case. The microATX form factor also reduces the input/output device capabilities of a motherboard, limiting it in certain areas.

Tags: form factor, microATX form, microATX form factor, factor designed, form factor designed, inches deep

Troubleshooting Guide For A Gateway Computer Profile 4

Your Gateway Profile 4 computer may perform up to snuff on any number of days out of the year, but it only takes one major error during a critical time to throw you completely off course and jeopardize any number of projects. Just like offerings from similar mass computer manufacturers, the Gateway Profile 4 can suffer from any number of problems that need to be addressed. Troubleshooting your machine and figuring out just what ails it is the initial step.

Instructions

1. Check your connections. Is your Profile 4 securely plugged into a wall outlet for power or, better yet, a surge protector? Are the keyboard and mouse connectors in the right sockets and not accidentally switched? If the connections are secure and the computer has been powered on, is the monitor plug loose from its connector? Unplug all the connectors and replug them in to ensure that the easiest solution is tested first.

2. Launch your web browser and connect to Gateway's page, searching for drivers for your particular machine. Click on "Support" and then "Drivers and Downloads." If you are having either mouse, keyboard or sound issues, there are drivers that can upgrade these devices so that the problem may be alleviated. Click on the section that corresponds to your device (mouse, keyboard, etc.) and input your specific Profile 4 information (see link in Resources).

3. Power on your computer and take your ear down to it. Listen for any sign of the fan running as it should. If the fan is not running and the screen is blank, there could be a motherboard or power failure, and this will have to be attended to by a professional. A motherboard should never be replaced as the cost of the motherboard will almost always outstrip the value of your machine currently. If the fan is running however, you may have a video problem on your hands (advance to the next step).

4. Try using an S-Video cable. There could be a problem with the monitor of your Gateway Profile 4, or the underlying video technology, but the problem is that with an All-in-One like the Profile 4, you cannot simply plug in a different monitor to your computer unit to test it. Instead, put one end of the S-Video cable into the S-Video cable slot on the back of the Profile 4, and the other end into a S-Video compatible TV (check your television manual for more instruction, if necessary).

5. Switch from the regular mode of your television to the A/V 1 (or A/V 2, depending on your setup) mode on your television once the connection is made. Does anything broadcast onto the television when the Profile 4 is turned on? If the TV does display Windows start up, the problem lies with the monitor itself. If the television displays nothing, you are dealing with either a motherboard problem or a video system error. Unfortunately, your Gateway Profile 4 as an entire unit will have to be sent in for repair.

Tags: Gateway Profile, S-Video cable, your television, into S-Video, mode your

Update Abit Bios

A CMOS battery can be seen at above left

Abit motherboards were a favorite of computer hobbyists for almost twenty years, until Universal Abit stopped manufacturing them at the end of 2008. However, as of 2010, the company continues to maintain a website where it honors its last warranties and offers downloads of its most recent drivers and BIOS upgrades.

The BIOS is firmware that is needed to help boot the computer. It is stored on a read-only memory chip located on the motherboard. Upgrading the BIOS is called "flashing the BIOS," and allows manufacturers to fix bugs and add new features to their motherboards.

Instructions

Model and Version Numbers

1. Turn off your computer and disconnect it from all power sources, including ethernet and phone cables. Open the computer case to reveal the motherboard.

2. Copy the model and version number from the motherboard. The motherboard is the largest circuit board in the computer, to which most of the other boards are attached. The model and version numbers are located on a sticker on a corner of the motherboard near the slots. The model number is the first part of an alphanumerical string, and occurs before a space or dash. The version number is the last part of the string, and follows the letter "V."

3. Close your computer. There is no need to replace any screws as you will be reopening it soon. Reattach all cables, and plug it in.

Upgrade Software

4. Turn on your computer. During boot up, it will invite you to "Press DEL to enter SETUP." Press "Delete," which will take you to the Setup screen. At the lower right hand corner, you will see a long string of numbers. The group of numbers at the end, after the last hyphen, is the BIOS version. Write this down. Press "Esc" to quit the screen and continue booting.

5. Go to the Abit website, click on "BIOS" and choose your motherboard model to view the correct list of updates. The latest version will have the highest number. If this number is higher than your version number, download this file.

6. Double-click the downloaded file to extract the zipped files.

7. Copy the files to the bootable floppy disk, USB drive or CD. Write down the names of the BIOS files you have copied.

Flash the BIOS

8. Restart your computer and enter Setup again by pressing "Delete" during boot-up. Use arrow keys to navigate to "Advanced BIOS Features," and set "First Boot Device" to the type of your bootable device. Press "Enter" and "F10" to save the changes.

9. Reboot once again, this time from your bootable device.

10. Run the file that will update the BIOS from the command line. If the files you copied to your boot device included a file named "runme.bat," type "runme" and press the "Enter" key to start the upgrade.

If the files included only "awdflash.exe" and a filename ending with ".BIN" (for example, AB9_14.BIN), execute the upgrade by typing:

awdflash AB9_14.BIN /py /sn /cd /cp /cc /cks /R

11. Allow the program is allowed to finish. Do not allow the computer to lose power during the upgrade, or the BIOS chip will be corrupted beyond repair.

12. Shut down the computer and unplug the cables. Open up the computer.

13. Reset the CMOS data--the stored system settings--by resetting the jumper near the coin cell battery on the motherboard. The jumper is a small plastic rectangle, by default placed across the pins labeled 1 and 2. With needlenose pliers, gently lift the jumper up and place it across pins 2 and 3 for one minute, then replace it across 1 and 2.

14. Close the computer, reattach all cables, and power it up. On bootup, hit the "Delete" key to enter Setup again and determine whether your upgrade succeeded.

Tags: your computer, version number, across pins, bootable device, cables Open, cables Open computer, enter Setup

Tweak The Evga 8800gtx

Released in 2006, the EVGA GeForce 8800 GTX provided excellent single-card performance for the time. With gaming technology constantly evolving, though, your 8800 may not struggle to keep up with newer titles. Overclocking this video card can provide a huge boost in gaming performance and save money. The readily available nTune software, designed for GeForce video cards, makes tweaking the 8800 GTX's settings simple and fast.

Instructions

1. Download the nVidia nTune utility from the nVidia website (see Resources). Run the installer and follow the onscreen prompts.

2. Open the newly installed nVidia Control Panel and navigate to "Performance > Adjust GPU Options" in the left pane.

3. Select "Direct fan control" under "GPU fan settings" and move the slider to 100 percent.

4. Select "Custom clock frequencies" under GPU clock settings.

5. Increase the "Memory bus" in small intervals, between 10 and 20 MHz. Test the new settings by running a video game. If the overclock is successful, you will see a performance increase, with no visual artifacts. If you notice artifacts on the screen, such as speckles or lines, lower the clock speed by a few MHz. Repeat until you have found the highest stable clock speed.

6. Take note of this setting and return the memory bus to its default speed.

7. Increase the "Core bus" in small intervals, testing the new settings each time. If the test game crashes or you notice visual artifacts, reduce the core bus speed. Repeat until you have found the highest stable clock speed.

8. Increase both the core bus and memory bus to their maximum stable settings and test by running a game. If you receive a performance boost with no artifacts or crashing, the overclock has been a success. If you notice artifacts, freezing or flickering, reduce both the core and memory bus by a few MHz, and retest.

Tags: clock speed, both core, both core memory, core memory, found highest

Specifications Of The 6300

The 6300 is a candy bar-shaped mobile phone developed by Nokia. The company released the 6300 in January 2007. Its features include an integrated digital camera, multimedia player with audio and video support, memory card slot, 2.5-millimeter headphone jack, and Internet-browsing and Bluetooth capabilities. Nokia has since discontinued the 6300.

Identification

The Nokia 6300 measures 4.18 inches tall, 1.71 inches wide and 0.46 inches thick at its thickest point. It weighs 3.2 oz. before optional upgrades and accessories. A removable, rechargeable 860-mAh lithium-ion battery pack provides the Nokia 6300 with up to 348 hours of standby time per charge. The phone has 7.8 megabytes of internal storage space. It also has an integrated microSD memory card slot compatible with cards up to 2 gigabytes in size. Nokia sold the 6300 in red, black, silver and white.

Display and Multimedia

Nokia equips the 6300 with a 2.0-inch TFT display screen. The screen has a native resolution of 240 by 320 pixels and displays up to 16.7 million colors. The phone also has an integrated rear-facing digital camera with a sensor resolution of 2.0 megapixels. Its features include digital zoom, white balance presets, built-in special effects and video-recording functionality. Nokia also outfits the 6300 with an integrated FM radio tuner and a multimedia player. The multimedia player is compatible with MP3, MP4, AAC, AAC+ and eAAC+ audio files as well as 3GPP video files.

Connectivity

The Nokia 6300 is a tri-band phone. It runs on 2G GSM networks at 850, 1,800 and 1,900 megahertz. Its cellular features include vibrating alert, polyphonic ringer, downloadable ring tones, speakerphone and push-to-talk functionality. When transferring data, the Nokia 6300 runs on Class 10 GPRS and EDGE data technology at speeds up to 236.8 kilobits per second. The phone's messaging features include MMS, SMS, predictive text input, email and instant messaging. Nokia also equips the 6300 with a WAP 2.0 Internet browser and Bluetooth 2.0 support.

Additional Information

The Nokia 6300 connects to a computer via a miniature USB connection. Its built-in phone book holds contact information for up to 1,000 contacts with features that include caller grouping, ring ID and picture ID. The phone's built-in productivity tools include a calendar, alarm clock, task manager, calculator, timer and note-taking tool. The Nokia 6300 doesn't have built-in Wi-Fi or GPS functionality.

Tags: Nokia 6300, 6300 with, features include, multimedia player, also integrated, card slot

Signs & Symptoms Of A Processor Going Bad

Several issues could indicate that your processor is failing.

The central processing unit, called the CPU for short, is a necessary component that a desktop or laptop computer needs to function properly. If the processor starts to go bad, this will affect the performance and functioning power of your computer. There are several signs and symptoms you can look out for that might indicate your processor is going bad.

Booting

If your CPU is going bad, this could cause a number of problems around booting up your computer or laptop. Your computer might fail to start when you first turn it on, or you might hear the fan but not see anything happening on the screen. Alternatively, your computer might power up and appear normal, but start rebooting itself at random without a manual command to do so. A faulty CPU might also cause a computer to freeze but a problem with software is more commonly the cause this problem.

Blue Screen of Death

The blue screen of death refers to the blue screen that displays on PCs that indicates an error. This usually signifies a problem with the CPU, RAM or motherboard and can render the PC unusable until the issue is fixed. A faulty CPU might also prompt Stop Error or Illegal Operation displays, which can interrupt user activities. If you are experiencing these issues, it might be worth considering seeking advice from a professional as replacing one or more hardware components could fix the problem.

Overheating

Overheating can be a sign that your computer's processor is going bad but, when caused by another faulty component, such as an issue with the fan, overheating can damage the CPU and cause it to fail. It's important to check the fan vent of your computer or laptop regularly and make sure it has adequate ventilation and isn't blocked by any objects or dust. If you know where to look, you might also want to check your CPU fan is operating properly. Otherwise, ask a professional to check for you.

Solutions

Any signs and symptoms that your CPU might be going bad could also be caused by other faulty components or software problems. The operating system, peripheral devices, memory module corruption and power supply issues can all cause similar symptoms to those created by failing CPUs. Therefore, you should try and rule out other possibilities before assuming the processor is the cause of the problem, seeking advice from a professional if necessary.

Tags: might also, that your, your computer, advice from, advice from professional

Reset An Evga 790i Sli

The EVGA 790i SLI FTW motherboard features three PCI Express X16 video card slots for extreme gaming/graphically intensive applications, six SATA connection headers, support for DDR3 1333 MHz memory and 2 Gigabit Ethernet connections. Another handy feature integrated in the EVGA 790i SLI FTW, is the ability to reset the CMOS settings back to the original system default values by way of a small reset button located on the main board. The CMOS reset button on the motherboard will allow you to reset the system easily if your computer locks up because of overclocking adjustments.

Instructions

1. Turn off your system using the power supply switch located on the back of your computer.

2. Remove your computer case's side cover and set it to the side. (Refer to the documentation that came with your particular computer case for instructions on remove the cover).

3. Locate the pink CMOS "Reset" button near the small quarter sized battery on the motherboard.

4. Turn on the power supply switch located on the back of your computer and press the pink CMOS "Reset" button once.

5. Press the blue "Power" button located beside the pink CMOS "Reset" button in order to restart the system with the default CMOS values. If you do not wish to power on the computer while the side panel is off, replace the side panel and press the "Power" button located on the computer case instead of the blue "Power" button located on the motherboard.

Tags: button located, your computer, CMOS Reset, CMOS Reset button, computer case

Intel Desktop Motherboard Installation Instructions

A new motherboard can improve a computer's functionality.

Installing an Intel desktop motherboard can improve the speed of a computer or provide additional functionality, including more available ports or expansion slots. A new motherboard also allows the installation of a new series of processors, more RAM, and the latest peripherals--including SATA, USB 3.0, and PCI Express devices. Most computer cases that were built for Pentium II computers or newer, as of September 2010, will accept the very latest Intel motherboards, although other components should be upgraded at the same time, especially the RAM, CPU, and power supply.

Instructions

Remove the Existing Motherboard

1. Disconnect the power cable, keyboard, mouse, video, speakers, and any other cables that are attached to the computer. Remove the case cover and disconnect the power supply cables that lead to the motherboard.

2. Remove all adapter cards from the system. Disconnect the case connectors for the power switch, hard drive LED, speaker, USB header, power light, and any other wires running from the motherboard to the case. Remove the drives and power supply if they are in the way of removing the motherboard.

3. Remove every screw that is holding the motherboard down and gently pull up on the end of the motherboard that is furthest away from the back panel connectors. Pull the motherboard back panel connectors gently through the back panel face-plate, and remove the board from the system. Remove the RAM and CPU from the motherboard.

Install the Intel Desktop Motherboard

4. Locate the screw standoffs in the case and match them with the new motherboard. This ensures that they all line up correctly with the holes in the new motherboard and that there are enough standoffs--and no extras.

5. Replace the rear port face-plate with the new one which came with the new motherboard.

6. Handle the motherboard gently.

Gently insert the rear port section of the motherboard through the face-plate, being sure not to bend any of the metal guides that are designed to fit around the ports. Lower the motherboard onto the standoffs and insert screws into each hole. Tighten screws firmly, yet gently, to avoid causing damage to the new motherboard.

7. Connect the power-on connector; hard drive LED connector; speaker connector; USB header connector; power LED connector; and any other case connector cables to the motherboard.

8. Install the CPU, RAM, and all expansion cards back onto the motherboard. Connect the power supply cables to the motherboard. Replace the cover on the system. Connect the external devices and power cord, and boot the system.

Tags: power supply, back panel, back panel connectors, cables motherboard, cables that

Intel Core 2 Duo E8400 Vs Amd 6000

In 2008, semiconductor companies Intel Corp. and Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) released the Intel Core 2 Duo E8400 and the AMD Athlon X2 6000+ (part number ADV6000IAA5DO), respectively. Both processors, or central processing units, are made for application on desktop personal computers. The E8400 is one of the entries of Intel's then-premier Core 2 brand, while the AMD 6000 is part of its manufacturer's mid-range Athlon series. For the most part, the Intel chip is a more advanced choice than the AMD chip.

Manufacture

Each Intel Core 2 Duo E8400 and AMD Athlon X2 6000+ is a dual-core chip. This means that it has two cores, or processing units. The AMD processor uses the X2 suffix for this reason. The AMD chip is bigger than the Intel chip. This is because it uses the 65 nanometer (nm) manufacturing process; the Intel CPU uses the 45 nm lithographic node.

Speeds

Each Intel Core 2 Duo E8400 and AMD Athlon X2 6000+ has a clock (or processing) speed, which is the rate at which the CPU operates; and data transfer speed, which is the rate at which the processor connects with the motherboard. The 6000+ surpasses the E8400 with a core speed of 3.1GHz; the Intel chip has a processing rate of 3GHz. The Intel CPU, however, has a faster data transfer speed, at 1.33GHz; the AMD chip has a rate of 1GHz.

Caches

Each Intel Core 2 Duo E8400 and AMD Athlon X2 6000+ has a Level 1 cache and a Level 2 cache for high-speed access to the desktop PC's most frequently used data. The Athlon chip has an L2 cache of 512KB. The Core 2 chip, however, has a much bigger L2 cache -- at 6MB.

Power Consumption and Operational Voltage

The Intel Core 2 Duo E8400 can consume up to 65 watts of power. This makes the Intel chip more energy-efficient than the AMD Athlon X2 6000+, which has a peak power consumption rate of 89W. The operational voltage range is 0.85 to 1.3625 volts for the E8400 and 1.1 to 1.4V for the Athlon X2 6000.

Tags: Athlon 6000, Core E8400, Intel Core, Intel Core E8400, E8400 Athlon